Oystershell Scale

 Lepidosaphes ulmi

HYPP Zoology

The Oystershell Scale is one of many scale insects. Scale insects do not look like most insects, since you cannot usually see their legs or other body parts.

Oystershell Scales are brown, sometimes light and sometimes dark. They are small, only growing up to 3 1/2 milimeters long, and are often comma-shaped. They are found wherever there are host trees. Since these parasites can live on many different hosts, that means they live just about everywhere.

livingthings.narod.ru

HYPP Zoology

Oystershell Scale eggs hatch in late Spring. Nymphs, also called "crawlers," move around for a few hours, looking for a place to settle on a twig or branch. Crawlers are very tiny, only about the size of the head of a pin. Once settled, the crawler hardens and never moves again. The scale insect eats by sucking juices out of the host plant. Like other insects, Oystershell Scales molt their skins as they grow; therefore, even though they don't move from their spot, the scales do grow bigger. After several molts, all scales become female. Female scales can lay eggs without mating; this is called parthenogenesis.

National IPM Network

Through parthenogenesis, each scale lays up to 150 eggs in July. The eggs are protected under the "mother" scale until they are ready to hatch. When the new crawlers hatch, they leave the mother scale and crawl to a new spot to settle. New scales are white at first, turning brown later. This new generation of scales lays new eggs in late Fall. These eggs overwinter inside their mother scale until the next Spring, when the cycle starts all over again.

E. Bradford Walker, Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation

Oystershell Scales are not picky insects when it comes to their hosts. They are known to be parasites of over 120 species of trees and shrubs, including: dogwoods, elms, birches, American Sycamore, viburnums, hickories, American Holly, ashes, maples, willows, American Beech, Black Walnut, and many others. Scales often occur in large numbers on a host plant and can cause damage by cracking the bark. Plants that are heavily infested lose their strength and have smaller leaves. Sometimes they even die.

Old scales can stay attached to a tree for years before falling off. They camouflage very well with the bark.

Most predators of scale insects eat them when they are in the crawler stage. Ladybugs and lacewings are major predators.

Relationships in Nature:

FOOD
PREDATORS
SHELTER
OTHER

Flowering Dogwood

Green Lacewing

Flowering Dogwood

Red Maple Pa

American Elm

Convergent Ladybug Beetle

American Elm

Silver Maple Pa

Highbush Blueberry

Highbush Blueberry

Mockernut Hickory Pa

Mockernut Hickory

Mockernut Hickory

Flowering Dogwood Pa

American Beech

American Beech

American Beech Pa

Black Willow

Black Willow

American Elm Pa

American Holly

American Holly

American Holly Pa

American Sycamore

American Sycamore

American Sycamore Pa

Red Maple

Silver Maple

Black Willow Pa

Silver Maple

Red Maple

Highbush Blueberry Pa

Relationship to Humans:

 Oystershell Scales can cause great damage to shade trees in people's yards, as well as fruit trees.

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

KINGDOM
Animal
PHYLUM
Arthropod
CLASS
Insect
ORDER
Homoptera
FAMILY
Diaspididae
GENUS
Lepidosaphes
SPECIES
Lepidosaphes ulmi

QUICK LINKS

Organism Menu
Home
Glossary
Student Activities
Relationships
Classification Info
How to Use This Site
Bibliography