Lepidosaphes ulmi

HYPP Zoology
The Oystershell Scale is
one of many scale insects. Scale insects do not look like
most insects, since you cannot usually see their legs or
other body parts. Oystershell Scales are
brown, sometimes light and sometimes dark. They are small,
only growing up to 3 1/2 milimeters long, and are often
comma-shaped. They are found wherever there are host trees.
Since these parasites can live on many different hosts, that
means they live just about everywhere. livingthings.narod.ru


HYPP Zoology
Oystershell Scale eggs
hatch in late Spring. Nymphs, also called "crawlers," move
around for a few hours, looking for a place to settle on a
twig or branch. Crawlers are very tiny, only about the size
of the head of a pin. Once settled, the crawler hardens and
never moves again. The scale insect eats by sucking juices
out of the host plant. Like other insects, Oystershell
Scales molt their skins as they grow; therefore, even though
they don't move from their spot, the scales do grow bigger.
After several molts, all scales become female. Female scales
can lay eggs without mating; this is called
parthenogenesis. National IPM
Network

Through parthenogenesis, each scale lays up to 150 eggs in July. The eggs are protected under the "mother" scale until they are ready to hatch. When the new crawlers hatch, they leave the mother scale and crawl to a new spot to settle. New scales are white at first, turning brown later. This new generation of scales lays new eggs in late Fall. These eggs overwinter inside their mother scale until the next Spring, when the cycle starts all over again.

Oystershell Scales are not picky insects when it comes to their hosts. They are known to be parasites of over 120 species of trees and shrubs, including: dogwoods, elms, birches, American Sycamore, viburnums, hickories, American Holly, ashes, maples, willows, American Beech, Black Walnut, and many others. Scales often occur in large numbers on a host plant and can cause damage by cracking the bark. Plants that are heavily infested lose their strength and have smaller leaves. Sometimes they even die.
Old scales can stay attached to a tree for years before falling off. They camouflage very well with the bark.
Most predators of scale insects eat them when they are in the crawler stage. Ladybugs and lacewings are major predators.
Relationships in Nature:
Relationship to Humans:
Oystershell Scales can cause great damage to shade trees in people's yards, as well as fruit trees.