Relationships in Nature:

Animals Using as Food Source	Animals Using as Shelter	Associations With Other Plants	OTHER
Mourning Dove	Northern Cardinal	Black Oak	Mourning Dove D
Wild Turkey	Mourning Dove	White Oak	Wild Turkey D
Northern Bobwhite	American Robin	Eastern White Pine	Northern Bobwhite D
Cedar Waxwing	Northern Mockingbird	Virginia Pine	Cedar Waxwing D
American Goldfinch	Common Grackle	Loblolly Pine	American Goldfinch D
Northern Cardinal	White-throated Sparrow	Mockernut Hickory	Northern Cardinal D
White-tailed Deer	Oystershell Scale	Sweetgum	White-tailed Deer D
Eastern Gray Squirrel		Yellow Poplar	Eastern Gray Squirrel D
Eastern Chipmunk		Sassafras	Eastern Chipmunk D
Eastern Cottontail		Flowering Dogwood	Eastern Cottontail D
Meadow Vole		American Beech	Meadow Vole D
White-footed Mouse		Eastern Redcedar	White-footed Mouse D
Red Fox		American Sycamore	Oystershell Scale Pa
Raccoon		Red Maple	Raccoon D
Eastern Box Turtle		American Hornbeam	Eastern Box Turtle D
Honey Bee		Buttonbush	Honey Bee Po
Eastern Yellow Jacket			Eastern Yellow Jacket Po
Eastern Bluebird			Eastern Bluebird D
Northern Mockingbird			Northern Mockingbird D

Relationship to Humans:

American Holly wood is used by people to make handles, rulers, piano keys, and violin pegs. Its leaves, twigs, and drupes are often used as Christmas decorations. American Holly is also planted as a landscape plant and hedge. They are excellent wildlife attractors. American Holly is also used for its nectar to make honey. Sometimes this tree becomes scarce in areas where people collect too much of it for decorations.

American Holly drupes can be poisonous to humans, especially young children.

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

KINGDOM Plant DIVISION Magnoliophyta CLASS Magnoliopsida ORDER Celastrales FAMILY Aquifoliaceae GENUS Ilex SPECIES Ilex opaca

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