VA SOLs/Remediation

HI.4 (Era II: Classical Civilizations 1000 B.C. to 500 A.D.) Civilizations of Persia, India, & China - chronology, government, economy, religion, & contributions

a) describe Persia, with emphasis on the development of an imperial bureaucracy;

b) describe India, with emphasis on the Aryan migrations & the caste system;

c) describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, & spread of Hinduism;

d) describe the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, & spread of Buddhism;

e) describe China, with emphasis on the development of an empire & the construction of the Great Wall;

f) describe the impact of Confucianism, Taoism, & Buddhism

HI.5 Demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

a) assessing the influence of geography on Greek economic, social, & political development, including the impact of Greek commerce & colonies;

b) describe Greek mythology & religion;

c) identifying the social structure & role of slavery, explaining the significance of citizenship & the development of democracy, & comparing the city-states of Athens & Sparta;

d) evaluating the significance of the Persian & Peloponnesian Wars;

e) characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles;

f) citing contributions in drama, poetry, history, sculpture, architecture, science, mathematics, & philosophy, with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle;

g) explaining the conquest of Greece by Macedonia & the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great

HI.6 demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C. to 500 A.D. in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

a) assessing the influence of geography on Roman economic, social, & political development;

b) describe Roman mythology & religion;

c) explaining the social structure & role of slavery, significance of citizenship, & the development of democratic features in the government of the Roman Republic;

d) sequencing events leading to Roman military domination of the Mediterranean basin & Western Europe & the spread of Roman culture in these areas;

e) assessing the impact of military conquests on the army, economy, & social structure of Rome;

f) assessing the roles of Julius & Augustus Caesar in the collapse of the Republic & the rise of imperial monarchs;

g) explaining the economic, social, & political impact of the Pax Romana;

h) describe the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, & spread of Christianity;

i) explaining the development & significance of the Church in the late Roman Empire;

j) listing contributions in art & architecture, technology & science, medicine, literature & history, language, religious institutions, & law;

k) citing the reasons for the decline & fall of the Western Roman Empire

HI.7 (Era III: Postclassical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 A.D.) Demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire & Russia from about 300 to 1000 A.D. by:

a) explaining the establishment of Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire;

b) identifying Justinian & his contributions, including the codification of Roman law, & describing the expansion of the Byzantine Empire & economy;

c) characterizing Byzantine art & architecture & the preservation of Greek & Roman traditions;

d) explaining disputes that led to the split between the Roman Catholic Church & the Greek Orthodox Church;

e) assessing the impact of Byzantine influence & trade on Russia & Eastern Europe

HI.8 Demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. by:

a) describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, & spread of Islam;

b) assessing the influence of geography on Islamic economic, social, & political development, including the impact of conquest & trade;

c) identifying historical turning points that affected the spread & influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a division & the Battle of Tours;

d) citing cultural & scientific contributions & achievements of Islamic civilization

HI.9 Demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 A.D. in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

a) sequencing events related to the spread & influence of Christianity & the Catholic Church throughout Europe;

b) explaining the structure of feudal society & its economic, social, & political effects;

c) explaining the rise of Frankish kings, the Age of Charlemagne, & the revival of the idea of the Roman Empire;

d) sequencing events related to the invasions, settlements, & influence of migratory groups, including Angles, Saxons, Magyars, & Vikings

HI.10 (Era IV: Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 A.D.) Demonstrate knowledge of civilizations & empires of the Eastern Hemisphere & their interactions through regional trade patterns by:

a) locating major trade routes;

b) identifying technological advances & transfers, networks of economic interdependence, & cultural interactions;

c) describing Japan, with emphasis on the impact of Shinto & Buddhist traditions & the influence of Chinese culture;

d) describing east African kingdoms of Axum & Zimbabwe & west African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, & Songhai in terms of geography, society, economy, & religion

HI.11 Demonstrate knowledge of major civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, including the Mayan, Aztec, & Incan, by:

a) describing geographic relationship, with emphasis on patterns of development in terms of climate & physical features;

b) describing cultural patterns & political & economic structures

HI.12 Demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, & political changes & cultural achievements in the late medieval period by:

a) describing the emergence of nation-states (England, France, Spain, & Russia) & distinctive political developments in each;

b) explaining conflicts among Eurasian powers, including the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, & the fall of Constantinople;

c) identifying patterns of crisis & recovery related to the Black Death;

d) explaining the preservation & transfer to Western Europe of Greek, Roman, & Arabic philosophy, medicine, & science

HI.13 Demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

a) identifying the economic foundations of the Renaissance;

b) sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city-states & their political development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince;

c) citing artistic, literary, & philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, & Petrarch;

d) comparing the Italian & the Northern Renaissance, & citing the contributions of writers

World History & Geography: 1500 A.D. to the Present

HII.1 Improve skills in historical research & geographical analysis by

a) identifying, analyzing, & interpreting primary & secondary sources to make generalizations about events & life in world history since 1500 A.D.;

b) using maps, globes, artifacts, & pictures to analyze the physical & cultural landscapes of the world & to interpret the past since 1500 A.D.;

c) identifying geographic features important to the study of world history since 1500 A.D.;

d) identifying & comparing political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, & kingdoms from 1500 A.D. to the present;

e) analyzing rends in human migration & cultural interaction from 1500 A.D. to the present

HII.2 Demonstrate an understanding of the political, cultural, & economic conditions in the world about 1500 A.D. by;

a) Locating major states & empires;

b) Describing artistic, literary, & intellectual ideas of the Renaissance;>

c) Describing the distribution of major religions;

d) Analyzing major trade patterns;>

e) Citing major technological & scientific exchanges in the Eastern Hemisphere

HII.3 Era V-1500 to 1650 A.D. - Demonstrate knowledge of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

a) Explaining the effects of the theological, political, & economic differences that emerged, including the views & actions of Martin Luther, John Calvin, & Henry VIII;

b) Describing the impact of religious conflicts, including the Inquisition, on society & government actions;>

c) Describing changing cultural values, traditions, & philosophies, & assessing the role of the printing press

HII.4 Demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery & expansion into the Americas, Africa, & Asia by:

a) Explaining the roles of explorers & conquistadors;

b) Describing the influence of religion;

c) Explaining migration, settlement patterns, cultural diffusion, & social classes in the colonized areas;

d) Defining the Columbian Exchange;

e) Explaining the triangular trade;

f) Describing the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas

HII.5 Demonstrate knowledge of the status & impact of global trade on regional civilizations of the world after 1500 A.D. by describing:

a) the location & development of the Ottoman Empire;

b) India, including the Mughal Empire & coastal trade;

c) East Asia, includ ng China & the Japanese shogunate;

d) Africa & its increasing involvement in global trade;

e) the growth of European nations, including the Commercial Revolution & mercantilism

HII.6 Era VI-1650 to 1914 A.D. Demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, & religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, & eighteenth centuries by:

a) describing the Scientific Revolution & its effects;

b) describing the Age of Absolutism, including the monarchies of Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, & Peter the Great;

c) assessing the impacts of the English Civil War & the Glorious Revolution on democracy;

d) explaining the political, religious, & social ideas of the Enlightenment & the ways in HIch they influenced the founders of the United States;

e) describing the French Revolution;

f) identifying the impact of the American & French Revolutions on Latin America;

g) describing the expansion of the arts, philosophy, literature, & new technology

HII.7 Demonstrate knowledge of political & philosophical developments in Europe during the nineteenth century by:

a) assessing the impact of Napoleon & the Congress of Vienna, including changes in political boundaries in Europe after 1815;

b) describing the influence of revolutions on the expansion of political rights in Europe;

c) explaining events related to the unification of Italy & the role of Italian nationalists;

d) explaining events related to the unification of Germany & the role of Bismarck

HII.8 Demonstrate knowledge of the effects of the Industrial Revolution during the nineteenth century by

a) citing scientific, technological, & industrial developments & explaining how they brought about urbanization & social & environmental changes;

b) explaining the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern, & subsequent development of socialism & communism;

c) describing the evolution of the nature of work & the labor force, including its effects on families, the status of women & children, the slave trade, & the labor union movement;

d) explaining the rise of industrial economies & their link to imperialism & nationalism;

e) assessing the impact of European economic & military power on Asia & Africa, with emphasis on the competition for resources & the responses of colonized peoples

HII.9 Era VII-1914 to 1945 - Demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War I by:

a) explaining economic & political causes, major events, & identifying major leaders of the war, with emphasis on Woodrow Wilson & Kaiser Wilhelm II;

b) explaining the outcomes & global effect of the war & the Treaty of Versailles;

c) citing causes & consequences of the Russian Revolution

HII.10 Demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, & cultural developments during the Interwar Period by:

a) describing the League of Nations & the mandate system;

b) citing causes & assessing the impact of worldwide depression in the 1930s;

c) examining events related to the rise, aggression, & human costs of dictatorial regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, & Japan, & identifying their major leaders, i.e., Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hirohito, & Hideki Tojo

HII.11 Demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by:

a) explaining economic & political causes, major events, & identifying leaders of the war, with emphasis on Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George Marshall, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Hideki Tojo, & Hirohito;

b) examining the Holocaust & other examples of genocide in the twentieth century;

c) explaining the terms of the peace, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany & Japan, & the creation of international cooperative organizations

HII.12 Era VIII-1945 to the Present - Demonstrate knowledge of major events & outcomes of the Cold War by:

a) explaining key events of the Cold War, including the competition between the American & Soviet economic & political systems & the causes of the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union & Eastern Europe;

b) assessing the impact of nuclear weaponry on patterns of conflict & cooperation since 1945;

c) describing conflicts & revolutionary movements in eastern Asia, including those in China & Vietnam, & their major leaders, i.e., Mao Tse-tung (Zedong), Chiang Kai-shek, & Ho Chi Minh

HII.13 Demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, & cultural aspects of independence movements & development efforts by:

a) describing the struggles for self-rule, including Gandhi’s leadership in India;

b) describing Africa’s achievement of independence, including Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya;

c) describing the end of the mandate system & the creation of states in the Middle East

HII.14 Demonstrate knowledge of the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, & Hinduism in the contemporary world by:

a) describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, & customs;

b) locating the geographic distribution of religions in the contemporary world

HII.15 Demonstrate knowledge of cultural, economic, & social conditions in developed & developing nations of the contemporary world by:

a) identifying contemporary political issues, with emphasis on migrations of refugees & others, ethnic/religious conflicts, & the impact of technology, including chemical & biological technologies;

b) assessing the impact of economic development & global population growth on the environment & society, including an understanding of the links between economic & political freedom;

c) describing economic interdependence, including the rise of multinational corporations, international organizations, & trade agreements

World Geography

WG.1 Use maps, globes, photographs, & pictures in order to:

a) obtain geographical information & apply the concepts of location, scale, & orientation;

b) develop & refine his or her mental maps of world regions;

c) create & compare political, physical, & thematic maps;

d) analyze & explain how different cultures develop different perspectives on the world & its problems;

e) recognize different map projections & explain the concept of distortion

WG.2 Analyze how selected physical & ecological processes shape the Earth’s surface by:

a) identifying regional climatic patterns & weather phenomena & their effects on people & places;

b) describing how humans influence the environment & are influenced by it;>

c) explaining how technology affects one’s ability to modify the environment & adapt to it.>

WG.3 Apply the concept of a region by:

a) explaining how characteristics of regions have led to regional labels;

b) explaining how regional landscapes reflect cultural characteristics of their inhabitants;>

c) analyzing how cultural characteristics, including the world’s major languages & religions, link or divide regions

WG.4 Locate & analyze physical, economic, & cultural characteristics of world regions: Latin America & the Caribbean, Europe, United States & Canada, North Africa & Southwest Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Russia & Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia & the Pacific Islands, & Antarctica

WG.5 Compare & contrast the distribution, growth rates, & characteristics of human population in terms of settlement patterns & the location of natural & capital resources

WG.6 Analyze past & present trends in human migration & cultural interaction as they are influenced by social, economic, political, & environmental factors

WG.7 Identify natural, human, & capital resources & explain their significance by:

a) showing patterns of economic activity & land use;

b) evaluating perspectives & consequences regarding the use of resources

WG.8 Distinguish between developed & developing countries & relate the level of economic development to the standard of living & quality of life

WG.9 Analyze the global patterns & networks of economic interdependence by:

a) identifying criteria that influence economic activities;

b) explaining comparative advantage & its relationship to international trade;

c) describing ways that economic & social interactions have changed over time;

d) describing & evaluating the formation of economic unions

WG.10 Analyze how the forces of conflict & cooperation affect the division & control of the Earth’s surface by:

a) explaining & analyzing reasons for the different spatial divisions at the local & regional levels;

b) explaining & analyzing the different spatial divisions at the national & international levels;

c) analyzing ways cooperation occurs to solve problems & settle disputes

WG.11 Analyze the patterns of urban development by:

a) applying the concepts of site & situation to major cities in each region;

b) explaining how the functions of towns & cities have changed over time;

c) describing the unique influence of urban areas & some challenges they face

WG.12 Apply geography to interpret the past, understand the present, & plan for the future by:

a) using geographic knowledge, skills, & perspectives to analyze problems & make decisions;

b) relating current events to the physical & human characteristics of places & regions

Virginia & United States History

VUS.1 Skills for historical & geographical analysis, including:

a) identify, analyze, & interpret primary & secondary source documents, records, & data, including artifacts, diaries, letters, photographs, journals, newspapers, historical accounts, & art to increase understanding of events & life in the United States;

b) evaluate the authenticity, authority, & credibility of sources;

c) formulate historical questions & defend findings based on inquiry & interpretation;

d) develop perspectives of time & place, including the construction of maps & various time lines of events, periods, & personalities in American history;

e) communicate findings orally & in analytical essays and/or comprehensive papers;

f) develop skills in discussion, debate, & persuasive writing with respect to enduring issues & determine how divergent viewpoints have been addressed & reconciled;

g) apply geographic skills & reference sources to understand how relationships between humans & their environment have changed over time;

h) interpret the significance of excerpts from famous speeches & other documents

VUS.2 Early America: Early Claims, Early Conflicts - Describe how early European exploration & colonization resulted in cultural interactions among Europeans, Africans, & American Indians (First Americans)

VUS.3 Describe how the values & institutions of European economic life took root in the colonies & how slavery reshaped European & African life in the Americas

VUS.4 Revolution & the New Nation - Demonstrate knowledge of events & issues of the Revolutionary Period by:

a) analyzing how the political ideas of John Locke & those expressed in Common Sense helped shape the Declaration of Independence;

b) describing the political differences among the colonists concerning separation from Britain;

c) analyzing reasons for colonial victory in the Revolutionary War

VUS.5 Demonstrate knowledge of the issues involved in the creation & ratification of the United States Constitution & how t e principles of limited government, consent of the governed, & the social contract are embodied in it by:

a) explaining the origins of the Constitution, including the Articles of Confederation;

b) identifying the major compromises necessary to produce the Constitution, & the roles of James Madison & George Washington;

c) describing the conflict over ratification, including the Bill of Rights & the arguments of the Federalists & Anti-Federalists;

d) examining the significance of the Virginia Declaration of Rights & the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in the framing of the Bill of Rights

VUS.6 Expansion & Reform: 1801 to 1860 - Demonstrate knowledge of the major events during the first half of the nineteenth century by:

a) identifying the economic, political, & geographic factors that led to territorial expansion & its impact on the American Indians (First Americans);

b) describing the key features of the Jacksonian Era, with emphasis on federal banking policies;

c) describing the cultural, economic, & political issues that divided the nation, including slavery, the abolitionist & women’s suffrage movements, & the role of the states in the Union

VUS.7 Civil War & Reconstruction: 1860 to 1877 - Demonstrate knowledge of the Civil War & Reconstruction Era & its importance as a major turning point in American history by:

a) identifying the major events & the roles of key leaders of the Civil War Era, with emphasis on Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, & Frederick Douglass;

b) analyzing the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation & the principles outlined in Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address;

c) examining the political, economic, & social impact of the war & Reconstruction, including the adoption of the 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States

VUS.8 Emergence of Modern America: 1877 to 1930s - Demonstrate knowledge of how the nation grew & changed from the end of Reconstruction through the early twentieth century by:

a) explaining the relationship among territorial expansion, westward movement of the population, new immigration, growth of cities, & the admission of new states to the Union;

b) describing the transformation of the American economy from a primarily agrarian to a modern industrial economy & identifying major inventions that improved life in the United States;

c) analyzing prejudice & discrimination during this time period, with emphasis on “Jim Crow” & the responses of Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Du Bois;

d) identifying the impact of the Progressive Movement, including child labor & antitrust laws, the rise of labor unions, & the success of the women’s suffrage movement

VUS.9 Demonstrate knowledge of the emerging role of the United States in world affairs & key domestic events after 1890 by:

a) explaining the changing policies of the United States toward Latin America & Asia & the growing influence of the United States in foreign markets;

b) evaluating United States involvement in World War I, including Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the Treaty of Versailles, & the national debate over treaty ratification & the League of Nations;

c) explaining the causes of the Great Depression, its impact on the American people, & the ways the New Deal addressed it

VUS.10 The World at War: 1939 to 1945 - Demonstrate knowledge of World War II by:

a) identifying the causes & events that led to American involvement in the war, including military assistance to Britain & the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor;

b) describing the major battles & turning points of the war in North Africa, Europe, & the Pacific, including Midway, Stalingrad, the Normandy landing (D-Day), & Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb to force the surrender of Japan;

c) describing the role of all-minority military units, including the Tuskegee Airmen & Nisei regiments;

d) describing the Geneva Convention & the treatment of prisoners of war during World War II;

e) analyzing the Holocaust (Hitler’s “final solution”), its impact on Jews & other groups, & postwar trials of war criminals

VUS.11 Demonstrate knowledge of the effects of World War II on the home front by:

a) explaining how the United States mobilized its economic, human, & military resources;

b) describing the contributions of women & minorities to the war effort;

c) explaining the internment of Japanese Americans during the war;

d) describing the role of media & communications in the war effort

VUS.12 US Since World War II - Demonstrate knowledge of United States foreign policy since World War II by:

a) describing outcomes of World War II, including political boundary changes, the formation of the United Nations, & the Marshall Plan;

b) explaining the origins of the Cold War, & describing the Truman Doctrine & the policy of containment of communism, the American role in wars in Korea & Vietnam, & the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Europe;

c) explaining the role of America’s military & veterans in defending freedom during the Cold War;

d) explaining the collapse of communism & the end of the Cold War, including the role of Ronald Reagan

VUS.13 Demonstrate knowledge of the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s & 1960s by:

a) identifying the importance of the Brown v. Board of Education decision, the roles of Thurgood Marshall & Oliver Hill, & how Virginia responded;

b) describing the importance of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the 1963 March on Washington, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, & the Voting Rights Act of 1965

VUS.14 Demonstrate knowledge of economic, social, cultural, & political developments in the contemporary United States by:

a) analyzing the effects of increased participation of women in the labor force;

b) analyzing how changing patterns of immigration affect the diversity of the United States population, the reasons new immigrants choose to come to this country, & their contributions to contemporary America;

c) explaining the media influence on contemporary American culture & how scientific & technological advances affect the workplace, health care, & education

Virginia - End of Course - Standards of Learning

Instructions for SOL Study Guide (Read me FIRST!)