Course descriptions for the following departments appear on this page. Descriptions of courses are taken from the 2007-08 course section guide.

Career & Technical Education | English | ESOL | Performing Arts | FINE ARTS | Foreign Language | Health & Physical Education | Mathematics | Science | Social Studies | Special Education | General Courses

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Business & Information Technology

ACCOUNTING (632000)

Accounting offers students the opportunity to learn about the financial operations of modern business enterprises and prepares students to make better financial decisions for the future. Students study accounting concepts for sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations to understand the fundamental accounting equation, the business transaction analysis process, and the elements of financial reporting. Interpretation of accounting information is mastered through decision making and problem solving approaches that include source documents, case studies, and simulations. Technology integration and related accounting software applications are used to enhance skills to analyze and evaluate financial situations. Internet learning activities are used to reinforce research, communication and team building skills. Course topics include forms of ownership, accounts receivable/accounts payable systems, payroll, taxes, and banking activities. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to complete an accounting cycle from transactions to financial statements. Students may take this course in conjunction with the Cooperative Office Education (COE) program.

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

ADVANCED ACCOUNTING (632100)
Prerequisite: Accounting

Students continue to master accounting principles and procedures, adding new topics about managerial accounting, cost accounting, financial analysis, and business ethics. Content areas include property, plant and equipment, corporate investments, bonds, notes payable and receivables, amortizations, cash flow statements and ratio analysis for the corporate structure. Spreadsheet analysis and accounting software applications provide the opportunity for higher-level thinking skill activities and authentic simulations enhance teamwork, decision making, and communication skills. Students also develop an understanding of career opportunities as they complete career exploration activities. Upon completion, students should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the principles of decision making, problem solving and critical thinking, and apply them to both business and personal financial situations. Students may take this course in conjunction with Cooperative Office Education (COE). Students completing Accounting (632000) and Advanced Accounting (632100) with a grade of "B" or better may be eligible to articulate three credits with Northern Virginia Community College. This course is also available online.

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

ADVANCED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (661300)
Prerequisite: Information Systems or equivalent skill/instructor approval

Advanced Information Systems provides students with the opportunity to develop professional computer and technology skills in a project-oriented and student-centered environment. Working independently or in teams, students apply problem-solving, decision-making, creative-thinking, and communication skills to relevant, real-life situations through a series of software and peripheral applications. Instruction in current and emerging information technology include operating systems, networking and hardware principles, document preparation, presentation tools, spreadsheets analysis and charts preparation, relational databases management, technical writing, desktop publishing, copyright issues, and basic web page design. Upon completion of this course students will able to apply technology to analyze and solve problems and to complete technology tasks efficiently and effectively. Students may take this course in conjunction with Cooperative Office Education (COE). Students completing Advanced Information Systems (661300) with a grade of "B" or better may be eligible to articulate three credits with Northern Virginia Community College.

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

COOPERATIVE OFFICE EDUCATION (COE) (679920)
Corequisite: Student must be concurrently enrolled in a Business course.

COE allows students to apply what they have learned in the classroom to the real world. The COE work experience combines an advanced business course with employment in a business-related field that reflects the student’s current career interests. The program offers valuable work experience, enhances employment skills, and develops marketable skills. This course, taken in conjunction with another business course, will earn one to two units of credit. Students who successfully complete 396 hours of supervised on-the-job training in a related occupation will earn one credit. Students who successfully complete 720 hours of supervised on-the-job training in a related occupation will earn two credits.

BUSINESS LAW (613132) AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (613532)

Business Law provides students with the basic knowledge to become a better informed citizen, employee, and consumer. The course offers students the opportunities to study the nature and function of our legal system, courts, and procedures. Topics include contracts, sales agreements, torts, constitutional law, criminal law, and family law. Students focus on consumer rights and responsibilities, examine legal aspects of employment, research careers in law, and discuss the impact of laws on travelers and those living abroad. Enriched with student projects, debates, mock trials, field trips, guest speakers, and Internet activities, the course helps student understand the laws affecting businesses and consumers.

Students study basic management concepts and leadership styles as they explore business ownership, planning, economics, international business and human relations issues such as employee motivation and conflict resolution. Through engaging software simulations students learn to utilize efficiently and effectively the basic management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling and their impact on human and capital resources. Upon completion of this course students will develop a business plan for a real or simulated business. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal.

DESIGN, MULTIMEDIA AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES (663000)

This product-oriented course introduces the student to multimedia presentations, desktop publications, and web page creation. Hands-on activities are used as students develop skills, master techniques, and prepare products for a client-based environment. Students learn to create professional slideshow presentations using animation, sound, and videos. Students also create brochures, flyers, business advertisements, and many other useful documents using Adobe Products. The course also introduces students to document construction for publishing on the World Wide Web using authoring software. Units of instruction include design and layout, typeface selection, electronic scanners and scanned images, image editing, digital cameras and images, and video capturing. Internet research and copyright laws are emphasized. Students may take this course in conjunction with Cooperative Office Education (COE).

WEBPAGE DEVELOPMENT (663100)

This course provides students the opportunity to study, develop and design sophisticated web pages in a client-based business environment. Basics of HTML, DHTML, scripting, and the use of authoring software are covered. Students are also provided instruction in preparing and editing Web page images, applying advanced design techniques and features, creating vector animations, and managing website directory structures. Skill development will be achieved through hands-on activities that help students to design web pages for various audiences and uses. Students may take this course in conjunction with Cooperative Office Education (COE).

Marketing

FASHION MARKETING 1 (814000)

This is a specialized option that enables students to investigate and prepare for careers in fashion marketing and design. The objective is to provide students with preparation in the technology of fashion merchandising that will lead to immediate employment and/or become the basis for continuing education. Students may supplement the classroom instruction through an internship experience, or they may enroll in the course without the additional commitment required through on-the-job training. A trip to the New York garment district may be included. While enrolled in the course, the student is an active member of DECA, an association of marketing students. Students may take this course in conjunction with Marketing Cooperative Work Experience (Coop).

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

FASHION MARKETING 2 (814500)

This curriculum provides an in-depth study of merchandising techniques, fashion trends, fashion promotion, and management skills. Students may supplement the classroom instruction through an internship experience, or they may enroll in the course without the additional commitment required through on-the-job training. While enrolled in the course, the student is an active member of DECA, an association of marketing students. (Students interested in this course should also see Fashion Design 1 under Family and Consumer Sciences.) Students may take this course in conjunction with Marketing Cooperative Work Experience (Coop).

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING (811000)

This introductory course in marketing enables students to gain a basic understanding of marketing principles, techniques, and career opportunities. Students will develop fundamental social, economic, mathematical, marketing, job search and decision-making skills necessary for successful initial employment in retail, wholesale, or service businesses. While enrolled in the course, the student is an active member of DECA, an association of marketing students. Field trips, guest speakers, and competitive events through DECA membership enhance the course work. **NOTE: In schools offering Introduction to Marketing (811000), a marketing student should begin the marketing sequence with this course.

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

MARKETING 1 (812000)

Students are introduced to the foundations and functions involved in the successful marketing of goods, services and ideas to consumers. Students will study marketing and business foundations, career development, economics, selling, shortage prevention, human relations, communications, distribution, promotion, product planning, credit pricing and marketing mathematics. Students may supplement the classroom instruction through participation in an internship experience, or they may enroll in the course without the additional commitment required through on-the-job training. While enrolled in this course, the student is an active member of DECA, an association of marketing students. Students may take this course in conjunction with Marketing Cooperative Work Experience (Coop).

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

ADVANCED MARKETING (813000)

Students have the opportunity to expand their knowledge of marketing from a management perspective. This course focuses on areas to include: ethics, consumer and environmental protection, economics, career development, entrepreneurship, professional sales, marketing-information-management, product planning, pricing, promotion, purchasing, distribution, finance, and the development of a business plan. Classroom instruction will be reinforced through the use of case studies, guest lecturers and field trips. While enrolled in the course, the student is an active member of DECA, an association of marketing students. Students may take this course in conjunction with Marketing Cooperative Work Experience (Coop).

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT MARKETING (817500)

Sports and Entertainment Marketing is a unique and innovative course designed for students with an interest in the sports and entertainment industry. Instructional areas include: an orientation to the sports and entertainment industry, market analysis, decision making, event marketing, event execution, the production of a culminating event and analysis of the event. Classroom instruction will be reinforced through the use of outside lectures, case studies, and field trip experiences. While enrolled in the course, the student is an active member of DECA, an association of marketing students. Students may take this course in conjunction with Marketing Cooperative Work Experience (Coop).

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit.

MARKETING COOPERATIVE WORK EXPERIENCE (COOP) (819920)

The Marketing Cooperative Work Experience (Coop) option enhances classroom instruction by providing practical work experience that is relevant to students’ career goals. Students enrolled in coop attend at least one marketing or EFE class and work a minimum of 396 hours (10 hours per week) in an approved, supervised marketing-related part-time job for one credit.

MARKETING COOPERATIVE WORK EXPERIENCE (COOP) (819921)

The Marketing Cooperative Work Experience (Coop) option enhances classroom instruction by providing practical work experience that is relevant to students’ career goals. Students enrolled in coop attend at least one marketing or EFE class and work a minimum of 720 hours (20 hours per week) in an approved, supervised marketing-related part-time job for two credits.

Technology Education

BASIC TECHNICAL DRAWING (843500)

Students develop basic skills in drawing and study careers related to drafting through the use of Computer-Assisted Drafting (CAD) and other software applications to gain an understanding of the technical drawing processes. This course is recommended for students interested in technical drawing, interior design, fashion merchandising, decorating, construction, architecture, or engineering careers.

Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED DRAWING (846600)

The student is given an opportunity to advance in one or more selected fields of technical drawing. The student's specific program is developed in cooperation with the teacher. Students are encouraged to work independently with general supervision rather than from detailed instruction.

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING (843700)

Students study the history of architecture, examine various construction techniques, use Computer-Assisted Drafting (CAD) equipment, and design a house. They develop working drawings and specifications as well as a scale model. Students interested in architecture or related careers will benefit from this course. Students completing Art I (912000), Computer Applications (661132), Basic Technical Drawing (843500), and Architectural Drawing (843700) with a grade of "B" or better may be eligible to articulate eight credits with Northern Virginia Community College.

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY (840300)

Design and Technology is designed as a foundation high school course in industrial technology. Students use core technology knowledge to solve open-ended problems and create systems. Laboratory activities engage students in the design process through projects that integrate math, science, and other core subjects. Working in groups, students build and control systems in the development of technology.

Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ENGINEERING DRAWING (843600)

Students gain an understanding of technical drawing careers in modern industry. The course includes engineering-drafting problems, use of computer assisted drafting (CAD) equipment, and drafting skills and techniques. Students use handbook of standards and specifications along with other resource materials. Students interested in engineering or related careers will benefit from this course. Students completing Engineering Drawing (843600) and Basic Technical Drawing (843500) with a grade of "B" or better may be eligible to articulate three credits at the Northern Virginia Community College. In addition, if they complete Art 1 (912000) and Computer Applications (661132) with a grade of B or better they may be eligible to articulate up to eight additional credits at the Northern Virginia Community College.

Industry certification may be available as part of this course. Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. Successful completion of this course in conjunction with a corresponding industry certification may qualify for a student selected verified credit. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

PRE-ENGINEERING (849000)

This course provides for orientation to the careers and challenges of engineering. Students are actively involved with high-tech devices, engineering graphics, and math/scientific principles through problem-solving experiences. Students integrate math, science, and technical writing with technology to solve engineering-based problems. Activities are provided in descriptive geometry, materials science, and technical systems. Focus areas in civil, mechanical, electrical, and aeronautical engineering are explored. Students communicate information through seminars, technical reports, and sharing of ideas.

Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course in conjunction with another one credit course within the same program area will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING (849100)

This course emphasizes student knowledge and application of engineering problem-solving through research and development concepts. Students learn to work in collaborative engineering teams and solve group design projects. Students are challenged to solve problems using design, mathematics, computer simulations, scientific analysis, and oral and written skills. Engineering is studied with a focus on modeling, systems, optimization, technology-society interaction, design, and engineering ethics. Projects may be models, systems, or products that creatively solve an engineering problem.

Students successfully completing this course may be eligible to earn a Career and Technical Education Diploma Seal. Students successfully completing this course will satisfy the sequential elective requirement for the Standard or Modified Standard diploma. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

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ENGLISH 9 (113000)

Students read a variety of literature, exploring the characteristics of different forms and relating life situations to literary themes. Language study includes spelling, vocabulary, and learning about language history and structure. Through varied and frequent writing assignments, students build on their understanding of writing as a process of prewriting, drafting, revising, and publishing. They also improve discussion skills as well as observing and practicing oral presentations to develop poise and confidence. (This is a Standards of Learning aligned course which is tested in 11th grade.)

ENGLISH 9 HONORS (113036)

Students study literature to develop an awareness of the relationship between life and literary experience. By writing frequently and for varied purposes and audiences, they build an understanding of their own and others' writing processes and develop the ability to analyze and evaluate writing. Language study includes tracing linguistic development, studying etymology, and expanding verbal fluency. Students analyze various forms of media to determine the impact of persuasive language. Through practice in small and large groups as well as practice in oral presentations, they organize, communicate, and evaluate ideas logically and creatively. (This is a Standards of Learning aligned course which is tested in 11th grade.)

ENGLISH 10 (114000)

Students read a variety of literature comparing and contrasting setting, characterization, conflict, point of view, and theme. Language study includes spelling, vocabulary, verbal analogies, and learning about language history and structure. Through varied and frequent writing assignments, students expand their understanding of writing as a process and develop their skill in revising according to purpose and audience. They practice adapting speaking and listening skills to the audience, topic, purpose, and situation. (This is a Standards of Learning aligned course which is tested in 11th grade.)

ENGLISH 10 HONORS (114036)

Students analyze various literary forms to investigate structural elements and recognize their relationship to the whole work and its literary tradition. Through frequent personal writing and writing about literature, they expand their understanding of the writing process, the purposes for writing, and the author’s sense of audience. In language study, students increase grammar and vocabulary skills. Students learn to evaluate critically, to use persuasive language responsibly, and to present dramatic material effectively by examining and analyzing various forms of media. Continued interaction in small and large groups increases students’ proficiency in oral skills and in problem solving. (This is a Standards of Learning aligned course which is tested in 11th grade.)

ENGLISH 11 (115000)

Students read a variety of literature, comparing themes of various works and analyzing expository materials for logical reasoning. Language study includes spelling, vocabulary, grammar, language history and structure. Through varied and frequent writing assignments, students reinforce their understanding of purpose and audience and develop their skill in the use of voice and tone. Through a variety of interpersonal, group, dramatic, and public speaking activities, students refine their understanding of oral communication. (This is a Standards of Learning aligned course which is tested in 11th grade.)

Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENGLISH 11 (119605)

Students who complete this course are prepared to take the Advanced Placement examination in English Language and Composition, and many earn college credit if a qualifying score is achieved. Students study advanced composition and analysis of language at a level equivalent to that of a full-year introductory college course. In refining their awareness of language and the writer's craft, students write works of publishable quality. (Schools may offer this course, the Literature and Composition Advanced Placement English course, or both of these courses.) With principal's approval, this course will fulfill the English credit for the targeted grade level. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement English exam. (This is a Standards of Learning aligned course which is tested in 11th grade.)

Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

ENGLISH 12 (116000)

Students study literary and non-fiction forms and analyze their literary and stylistic elements. Language study includes spelling, vocabulary, and learning about language history and structure. Through varied and frequent writing assignments, students refine their understanding of purpose, audience, and voice and develop criteria for evaluating writing. They participate in speaking and listening activities to build critical thinking- using inference, hypothesis, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation skills.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENGLISH (119504)

Students who complete this course are prepared to take the Advanced Placement examination in English Literature and Composition, and many earn college credit if a qualifying score is achieved. Students study composition and literary analysis at a level equivalent to that of a full-year introductory college course. Through in-depth studies of literary works, students sharpen their awareness of language and their understanding of the writer's craft. They establish critical standards for appreciating and evaluating literature. Completion of this course fulfills the English 12 course requirement. Schools may offer this course, or the Language and Composition Advanced Placement English course, described in optional course offerings, or both of these courses. (All students are required to take the Advanced Placement English exam.)

DEVELOPING LITERACIES (118060)

Developing Literacies provides direct remediation of content area reading skills necessary to understand the content of math, science, social studies, and English. The course focuses on the reading skills necessary for successful completion of the SOL tests given in the four core areas. Counts as a sequential elective if taken with Expanding Literacies.

EXPANDING LITERACIES 1 (151500)

Expanding Literacies provides direct remediation of reading skills and English content necessary to pass the EOC English: Reading/Literature and Research and/or the EOC English: Writing SOL tests, which are given in eleventh grade. Verified credit on both tests is required in order to earn a Standard Diploma. Counts as a sequential elective when taken after Developing Literacies.

JOURNALISM 1 (120000)

Journalism 1 provides students with opportunities for learning the language of journalism and photojournalism, developing communication skills in writing different kinds of articles, understanding news and the process of publication, and becoming more critical readers and viewers of mass media. This course satisfies the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

JOURNALISM 2 (121000)

Journalism 2 provides students opportunities for learning and participating in layout, design, desktop publishing, and printing processes. Students develop a more sophisticated level of journalistic writing and participate in the operation and production of the high school newspaper. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

JOURNALISM 3 (121100)

In addition to enhancing their skills as reporters, Journalism 3 provides students advanced opportunities for learning editorial leadership, developing a personal sense of professionalism, understanding the role of the newspaper in society, and becoming productive members of the newspaper staff. Students learn business and circulation management. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

JOURNALISM 4 (121200)

Journalism 4 provides students opportunities for learning marketable publication skills; developing individual writing, layout, and design styles; and assuming the role of editorial leadership and responsibility for producing a high school newspaper that serves a pluralistic society. Students also take responsibility for business and circulation management. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

ADVANCED JOURNALISM (121300)

Students study advanced composition and analysis of language at a level equivalent to that of a full-year introductory college course. In refining their awareness of language and the writer’s craft, students write publishable works. Students practice gathering information (research techniques), news writing, feature writing, opinion writing, headline writing, self-editing (grammar, spelling, vocabulary, word usage, style), writing and editing for specific audiences, and media (newspaper, magazine, radio, television, public relations, advertising).

CREATIVE WRITING (117132) AND FILM STUDY (144632)

Creative Writing provides students an opportunity for additional writing instruction beyond the English program. Experimentation with many forms of writing is encouraged, with an emphasis on poetry, short stories, plays, and all forms of descriptive writing. Students continue to expand and refine their ability to write through analyzing and evaluating their own writing and that of other students. Students may also participate in the layout, design, and overall production of a high school literary magazine. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

Film Study involves the study of classic and award-winning films. Students critique both the artistic and technical merits of the films. They study the development of theme, plot, characterization, and setting in each production. They learn the vocabulary associated with film and use this vocabulary when discussing or writing about films. Students may create their own short films. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

DEBATE (139500) AND FORENSICS (139000)

The debate course is designed to encourage and improve in creative and critical thinking, research, speaking and argumentation, mock trials, Lincoln-Douglas Debate, and Policy Debate. In addition, students improve their ability to take notes and to listen. When taken for a full year this course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

Forensics provides students with an opportunity to practice and develop proficiency in oral communication techniques. Students sharpen their skills in a chosen area of concentration such as oral interpretation, extemporaneous speaking, or original oratory. Students are encouraged to use their skills in speech competition or performance. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts.

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ESOL LEVEL 1 (571014)

Students engage in listening, speaking, reading and writing English through an integrated language arts curriculum. They take three periods of ESOL classes: two content-based and one literature-based. Emphasis is placed on building background knowledge and helping students develop academic language proficiency. Placement is made following assessment by the ESOL entry assessment staff and/or the ESOL teacher. Students enrolled in this course also take 571015 and 571016. This course earns elective credits and may be repeated for additional elective credits.

ESOL LEVEL 2 (572091)

Students continue to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. They read a variety of fiction and non-fiction and expand their understanding of the reading and writing process. Emphasis is placed on helping students develop reading, writing, and learning strategies in preparation for the more challenging academic material they must comprehend at this level. Placement in this course is made following assessment by the ESOL teacher and/or ESOL entry assessment staff. Students enrolled in 572091 also take 572092. 572091 is a literature-based class and 572092 is a content-based class. A total of two credits from 572091 and 572092 may be used as foreign language credits. This course may be repeated for elective credit.

ESOL LEVELS 3/4 (573000)

This course is taken concurrently with Transitional English 9 or English 9. ESOL and English teachers work together to provide support through a cohesive program based on the English POS. Students read a variety of literature and relate life situations to literary themes. They continue to develop their reading and writing skills and study the structure of the English language through an integrated language arts curriculum. Students refine their listening and speaking skills through class discussions and oral presentations. Placement in this course is made following assessment by the ESOL teacher and/or the ESOL entry assessment staff. After completing this course, a student may be recommended for exit from the ESOL program. This course may be repeated for elective credit.

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Music- Band

BEGINNING BAND (923215)

Students develop skills as individual musicians and as members of a musical group. Guidance will be given by the instructor in the selection of an instrument. Course content includes beginning level technical and ensemble skills necessary for performance. Some performance opportunities are provided. Rehearsals and performances outside of normal school hours may be required as a part of this course. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

INTERMEDIATE BAND (923315)

Students continue developing as individual musicians and as members of a musical group. Emphasis is placed on the development of intermediate level technical and ensemble skills necessary for performance. After-school rehearsals and performances are required of all students as an integral part of the course. Marching band techniques and performances may be included. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED BAND (923415)

Students in this course form the representative-performing band for the school. Emphasis is placed on the sequential development of advanced technical skills and on the study of related literature. Based on successful completion of sequential concepts for each level, students will continue as specified in course level. After-school rehearsals and performances are required of all students as a part of the course. Marching band techniques, rehearsals, and performances are included in this course. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE (925015)

This course is designed to meet specific needs and/or interests. Content includes study of the appropriate ensemble literature, and rehearsal and performance techniques from the various areas of musical composition. Performances and rehearsals, both in and out of school, may be required. Schools may also require membership in intermediate or advanced band class, and may require participation in marching band. Instrumentation of the group is at the discretion of the instructor. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

Music- Orchestra

BEGINNING ORCHESTRA (923715)

Students develop skills as individual musicians and as members of a musical group. Course content includes beginning level technical and ensemble skills necessary for performance. Some performance opportunities are provided. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

INTERMEDIATE ORCHESTRA (923815)

The course offers instruction in the development of intermediate and advanced performing skills, including individual playing and ensemble techniques, and disciplinary skills needed for performance. After-school rehearsals and performances are required of all students as a part of the course. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED ORCHESTRA (923915)

Students in this course form the representative string performing group for the school. Emphasis is placed on the development of technical, ensemble, and disciplinary skills necessary for refined rehearsal and performance both in and out of school. Based on successful completion of sequential concepts for each level, students will continue as specified in course level. After-school rehearsals and performances are required of all students as a part of the course. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

Music- Chorus

MIXED CHORUS (926015)

Beginning level students will participate in a chorus of mixed voices. Emphasis is placed upon correct vocal performance techniques through the singing of appropriate choral literature. Rehearsals and performances, both in and out of school, may be required. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

WOMEN'S CHORUS (926016)

Beginning level students will participate in a chorus of women's voices. Emphasis is placed upon correct vocal performance techniques through the singing of appropriate choral literature. Rehearsals and performances, both in and out of school, may be required. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED WOMEN'S CHORUS (928916)

Students are offered advanced choral experiences for women's voices. Emphasis is placed on the development of musicianship and proficiency in ensemble performance. Course content includes a study of choral literature, vocal techniques, and sight-singing. Based on successful completion of sequential concepts for each level, students will continue as specified in course level. Rehearsals and performances both in and out of school are required. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED MIXED CHORUS- MADRIGALS (928915)

Students are offered advanced choral experiences for mixed voices. Emphasis is placed on the development of musicianship and proficiency in ensemble performance. Course content includes a study of choral literature, vocal techniques, and sight-singing. Based on successful completion of sequential concepts for each level, students will continue as specified in course level. Rehearsals and performances both in and out of school are required. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

Theatre Arts

THEATRE ARTS 1 (141000)

Theatre Arts 1 provides students with a survey of the theatre arts, allowing students opportunities to experience and appreciate dramatic literature, and participate in the creative processes of performance and production. The course emphasizes skill development and provides theatrical opportunities that enable students to determine personal areas of interest. Participation in co-curricular theatre productions may be arranged. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

THEATRE ARTS 2 (142000)

Theatre Arts 2 integrates and builds upon concepts and skills from Theatre Arts 1. Through various modes of expression and performance, students investigate dramatic literature, theatrical styles, and historical periods. Students will study and respond to a variety of theatre experiences that will refine their communicative, collaborative, analytical, interpretive, and problem solving skills. Students will expand their artistic abilities and appreciation of the theatrical arts. Participation in co-curricular theatre productions may be arranged. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

THEATRE ARTS 3 (143000)

Students exhibit independence, discipline, and commitment to the theatre process through their work on assigned projects. Advanced work in acting skills and preparation, play analysis, and character interpretation are expected. Collaboration with actors and directors is augmented by special assignments and opportunities. Strong participation in co-curricular theatre productions is encouraged. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

THEATRE ARTS 4 (144000)

Students identify areas of special interest in theatre arts, and initiate and complete major research or creative projects, such as playwriting, producing, directing, designing, and stage-managing. Emphasis is placed on in-depth study and completion of projects, assumption of leadership roles, and expansion of criteria for self-evaluation. Students will analyze and evaluate scripts, concentrate on vocal and physical dramatics, and undertake a special theatre project in their area of specialization. Students are expected to assume leadership positions in co-curricular theatre productions. Participation in major projects related to the co-curricular theatre productions is also expected. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

TECHNICAL THEATRE 1 (143511)

Students explore various areas of technical theatre such as lighting, costumes, sound, scenery, makeup, properties, and theatre management. An analysis of dramatic literature leads students to an understanding of the design and production process. Participation in co-curricular productions is strongly encouraged. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

TECHNICAL THEATRE 2 (143512)

Students apply technical theatre knowledge and skills by participating in a variety of theatre lab activities and practical projects. Emphasis is on script interpretation and execution of the design concept. Students will collaborate to effectively and safely create functional scenery, properties, lighting, sound, costumes and makeup, and to develop stage management, business and public relations skills. Participation in co-curricular productions will be strongly encouraged. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

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Studio Art

ART 1 (912000)

ART 1 is the foundation level course for the high school art program. Students focus on idea development and visual literacy while they explore a wide range of art media and develop skills in drawing, painting, printmaking, and 3-D media. They study art history, aesthetics, and criticism from a multicultural perspective. Students assemble a portfolio. This course is the prerequisite for all future high school studio art courses. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

DRAWING (2-D STUDIO ART) (916034) AND PAINTING (2-D STUDIO ART) (916063)

In drawing, students practice and refine drawing techniques and skills. Emphasis is placed on exploration, creative thinking, self-expression and skill development. Students study the history of art as it relates to drawing and make connections between their own work and the work of recognized artists. Results are maintained in a drawing portfolio. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

In painting, students apply and refine painting techniques and skills. Emphasis is placed on exploration of a variety of approaches to painting, creative thinking, self-expression, and skill development. Students study the history of art as it relates to painting and make connections between their own work and the work of recognized artists. Results are maintained in a painting portfolio. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

CERAMICS 1 (3-D STUDIO ART) (917564) AND SCULPTURE 1 (3-D STUDIO ART) (919733)

In ceramics, students refine three-dimensional design and ceramic techniques. Emphasis is placed on exploration of media and a variety of approaches to ceramics. Focus is placed on creative thinking, self-expression, skill development, and quality craftsmanship. Students study the history of art as it relates to ceramics and make connections between their own work and the work of recognized artists. Documentation of work is maintained in a ceramic portfolio. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

In sculpture, students apply and refine three-dimensional design and sculpture techniques. They explore a variety of materials and approaches in the process of creating sculptures. Emphasis is placed on creative thinking, self-expression, skill development, and quality craftsmanship. Students study the history of art as it relates to sculpture and make connections between their own work and the work of recognized artists. Documentation of work is maintained in a sculpture portfolio. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ART 4: PORTFOLIO PREPARATION GENERAL (914700)

Students engage in advanced study of art production, art history, aesthetics, and art criticism, while maintaining the attitude and self-discipline of a working artist. They exhibit technical proficiency and personal style while working in advanced media. They curate art exhibitions of their own work, using professional exhibition techniques. Emphasis is placed on career opportunities. An exit portfolio giving evidence of quality, concentration, and breadth of experience is required. A presentation portfolio showing the students’ highest level of achievement is selected from the exit portfolio. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART: DRAWING PORTFOLIO (915004)

This course is designed for highly motivated, advanced art students who have demonstrated a serious interest in the study of art. Ideally suited for students who work well independently, the course will focus on the preparation of a drawing portfolio of artworks that exhibit quality, concentration in an area of visual interest or problem solving, and breadth of experience in the formal, technical, and expressive means of an artist. The drawing portfolio addresses a broad interpretation of drawing issues including, painting, printmaking, studies for sculpture, some forms of design, and abstract and observational works. Students will prepare and submit drawing portfolios based on objectives that reflect the format and requirements established by the College Board for Advanced Placement Studio Art. Advanced Placement college credit and/or placement may be awarded if a qualifying exam score is achieved. All students are required to take Advanced Placement Art: Studio Art Drawing exam. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART: 2-D DESIGN PORTFOLIO (914804)

This course is designed for highly motivated, advanced art students who have demonstrated a serious interest in the study of art. Ideally suited for students who work well independently, the course will focus on the preparation of a two-dimensional design portfolio of artworks that exhibit quality, concentration in an area of visual interest or problem solving, and breadth of experience in the formal, technical, and expressive means of an artist. The two-dimensional portfolio may include, but is not limited to, forms of artwork in graphic design, typography, digital imaging, photography, collage, fabric design, weaving, illustration, painting, and printmaking. Students will submit two-dimensional portfolios based on objectives that reflect the format and requirements established by the College Board for Advanced Placement Studio Art. Advanced Placement college credit and/or placement may be awarded if a qualifying exam score is achieved. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement Art: 2-D Design exam. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART: ART HISTORY (915104)

This course is designed to prepare students for the Advanced Placement Art History examination, for which college credit and/or placement may be awarded if a qualifying score is achieved. Objectives for Advanced Placement courses reflect the format and requirements in the Advanced Placement Course Description for Art published by the College Board. The Advanced Placement history of art program is designed to provide students with an understanding and enjoyment of works of art. Students should demonstrate a high degree of commitment to academic work and possess academic skills needed to pursue a program designed to meet college standards. No prior experience in art studio or art history is assumed. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement Art History exam.

Computer Graphics

COMPUTER GRAPHICS 1 (918011)

Student develop skills in creating personally expressive art through the use of the computer. Emphasis is placed on creative thinking and visual problem solving. Units of instruction focus on developing expertise in the use of computers, scanners, and digital cameras. Software applications include Adobe Photoshop (digital imaging), Adobe Illustrator (illustration and graphic design), Bryce 3-D (animation and landscape design) and other available programs. Ethical issues concerning computer generated imagery are addressed. No prior computer knowledge is required. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2 (918111)

Students expand their knowledge in the application of hardware and software to create personally expressive original art. Complex visual problems are introduced within the areas of web-page design and development, multimedia presentations, animation, graphic design, and digital imaging. Based upon the computer graphics lab capabilities, additional software may include Flash, (animation, web development, and interactive gaming), GoLive and Dreamweaver (web-authoring), and Adobe Premier (video editing). In depth study of these processes aid students in understanding how their integration leads to the production of industry standard products. A final portfolio is required for evaluation. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

COMPUTER GRAPHICS 3: PORTFOLIO PREPARATION (918211)

Students engage in the advanced study and application of computer graphics while developing the attitude and self-discipline of a working artist. Students integrate advanced knowledge of software with creative thinking skills to produce a portfolio of artworks that shows evidence of quality, concentration, and breadth of experience. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS 1 (915311)

Students develop and apply techniques in visual communication using traditional and electronic media. Emphasis is placed on the creation of original works for a variety of intended purposes to include but not limited to personal, commercial, informational, social, cultural and environmental. Students develop an understanding of ways in which artists communicate meaningful ideas for a specific purpose or intent. Ethical issues related to the field of visual communications are addressed. Students maintain a traditional and non-traditional sketchbook in addition to compiling a beginning visual communications portfolio. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS 2 (915411)

Students create original works that express depth of thought and complex ideas through visual communication. Using a variety of 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D traditional and electronic media they communicate ideas related to personal, commercial, informational, social, political, cultural, spiritual, or environmental issues. Design components, technical considerations and interaction with the viewer are addressed. Students learn to maximize creativity while understanding the parameters of a client-driven environment. Students conduct oral presentations and critiques. They compile a portfolio based on evidence of content, design quality, and technical skill. Ethical issues related to the field of visual communications are addressed. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

Photography

PHOTOGRAPHY 1 (919311)

Students are introduced to standard black and white photographic processes through the use of cameras, films, light effects, and application of basic darkroom techniques. Digital photographic processes are introduced. Emphasis is placed on photographic production and self-expression. Study includes an overview of the history of photography and the work of well known photographers. A beginning portfolio is developed. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

PHOTOGRAPHY 2 (919411)

Students expand on the study of black and white photography and digital processes. They acquire and apply in-depth knowledge of photographic equipment, films, and specialized processes to include digital applications. Leading exponents, equipment, and techniques are introduced in their historical context. Students learn to critique, and evaluate their own work and recognized photographic works of art. They examine photography and its relationship to other art forms. A portfolio emphasizing communication of content and meaning and quality of craftsmanship is maintained. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

PHOTOGRAPHY 3: PORTFOLIO PREPARATION (919511)

Students engage in advanced study of photographic processes. They practice the attitude and self-discipline of a working artist. A final portfolio evidencing technical proficiency, quality, concentration, and breadth of experience is required. Students apply professional exhibition techniques to exhibit their own work and the work of others. Exceptional initiative and commitment to communication of ideas through the use of the photographic medium is expected. This course requires a student materials fee as listed in FCPS Notice 5922.

Yearbook

PHOTOJOURNALISM 1 (121500)

Photojournalism 1 provides students opportunities for learning and participating in the design, layout, and overall production of the high school yearbook; developing yearbook copywriting skills; and applying knowledge of photography. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts. This course may provide a sequential elective when taken following Journalism 1.

PHOTOJOURNALISM 2 (121600)

Photojournalism 2 provides students opportunities for learning the role of editorial leadership, developing a personal sense of professionalism, refining copywriting skills, and becoming productive members of the high school yearbook staff. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts. This course may provide a sequential elective when taken following Photojournalism 1.

PHOTOJOURNALISM 3 (121700)

Photojournalism 3 provides students with opportunities for learning marketable publications skills, developing individual style, and assuming editorial leadership roles and responsibilities for the high school yearbook. This course will fulfill the graduation requirement for a credit in fine and practical arts. This course may provide a sequential elective when taken following Photojournalism 2.

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French

FRENCH 1 (511000)

Students develop the ability to communicate about themselves and their immediate environment using simple sentences containing basic language structures. This communication is evidenced in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. Students begin to explore and study the POS themes of Personal and Family Life, School Life, Social Life, and Community Life. For middle school students, this credit becomes a part of the high school transcript, is included in the determination of the high school grade point average (GPA), and counts toward fulfilling the foreign language requirements of the high school diploma. It also counts toward the total number of credits required for graduation.

FRENCH 2 (512000)

Students continue to develop proficiency in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. They learn to function in real-life situations using more complex sentences and language structures. They read material on familiar topics and produce short writing samples. Students continue to explore as they study the POS themes of Home Life, Student Life, Leisure Time, and Vacation and Travel.

FRENCH 3 (513000)

Students continue to develop and refine their proficiency in all four language skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They communicate using more complex language structures on a variety of topics, moving from concrete to more abstract concepts. At this level, students comprehend the main ideas of the authentic materials that they read and hear and are able to identify significant details when the topics are familiar. Students gain a deeper understanding of the world around them while studying the POS themes of Rights and Responsibilities, Future Plans and Choices, Teen Culture, Environment, and Humanities.

FRENCH 4 (514000)

Students develop more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. The authentic reading selections are emphasized at this level. Students communicate using more complex language structures and express abstract ideas with reasonable fluency. Students are able to create and listen with understanding to reports and presentations. They are also able to describe, summarize and discuss selected upper level POS themes and topics.

FRENCH 5 (515000)

Students study selected upper level POS themes and topics using more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They participate in in-depth studies of major literary works and historical events and learn to recognize the various themes and conflicts involved. Students express abstract ideas while discussing literature, history, and current events.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT FRENCH LANGUAGE (517004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Language examination given each spring, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level if a qualifying score is obtained. Students study the use of language for active communication. Specifically, they understand the spoken target language in both formal and conversational situations. They express ideas accurately and resourcefully, both orally and in writing, with reasonable fluency, and they develop a vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, contemporary literature, and other nontechnical writings. They receive extensive training in the organization and writing of compositions, review syntax, and study selected works by contemporary authors. Materials will include recordings, films, newspapers, and magazines. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement French Language exam.

German

GERMAN 1 (521000)

Students develop the ability to communicate about themselves and their immediate environment using simple sentences containing basic language structures. This communication is evidenced in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. Students begin to explore and study the POS themes of Personal and Family Life, School Life, Social Life, and Community Life. For middle school students, this credit becomes a part of the high school transcript, is included in the determination of the high school grade point average (GPA), and counts toward fulfilling the foreign language requirements of the high school diploma. It also counts toward the total number of credits required for graduation.

GERMAN 2 (522000)

Students continue to develop proficiency in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. They learn to function in real-life situations using more complex sentences and language structures. They read material on familiar topics and produce short writing samples. Students continue to explore as they study the POS themes of Home Life, Student Life, Leisure Time, and Vacation and Travel.

GERMAN 3 (523000)

Students continue to develop and refine their proficiency in all four language skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They communicate using more complex language structures on a variety of topics, moving from concrete to more abstract concepts. At this level, students comprehend the main ideas of the authentic materials that they read and hear and are able to identify significant details when the topics are familiar. Students gain a deeper understanding of the world around them while studying the POS themes of Rights and Responsibilities, Future Plans and Choices, Teen Culture, Environment, and Humanities.

GERMAN 4 (524000)

Students develop more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. The authentic reading selections are emphasized at this level. Students communicate using more complex language structures and express abstract ideas with reasonable fluency. Students are able to create and listen with understanding to reports and presentations. They are also able to describe, summarize and discuss selected upper level POS themes and topics.

GERMAN 5 (525000)

Students study selected upper level POS themes and topics using more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They participate in in-depth studies of major literary works and historical events and learn to recognize the various themes and conflicts involved. Students express abstract ideas while discussing literature, history, and current events.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT GERMAN LANGUAGE (527004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Language examination given each spring, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level if a qualifying score is obtained. Students study the use of language for active communication. Specifically, they understand the spoken target language in both formal and conversational situations. They express ideas accurately and resourcefully, both orally and in writing, with reasonable fluency, and they develop a vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, contemporary literature, and other nontechnical writings. They receive extensive training in the organization and writing of compositions, review syntax, and study selected works by contemporary authors. Materials will include recordings, films, newspapers, and magazines. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement German Language exam.

Japanese

JAPANESE 1 (591000)

Students develop the ability to communicate about themselves and their immediate environment using simple sentences containing basic language structures. This communication is evidenced in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. The Kana system of writing, along with some basic characters, is taught in this course. Students begin to explore and study the themes of Personal and Family Life, School Life, Social Life, and Community Life.

JAPANESE 2 (592000)

Students continue to develop proficiency in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. They learn to function in real-life situations using more complex sentences and language structures. They read material on familiar topics and produce short writing samples. Students continue to explore as they study the themes of Home Life, Student Life, Leisure Time, and Vacation and Travel.

JAPANESE 3 (593000)

Students continue to develop and refine their proficiency in all four language skills- listening, speaking, reading, and writing - with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They communicate using more complex language structures on a variety of topics, moving from concrete to more abstract concepts. At this level, students comprehend the main ideas of the authentic materials that they read and hear, and they are able to identify significant details when the topics are familiar. Students gain a deeper understanding of the world around them while studying Rights and Responsibilities, Future Plans and Choices, Teen Culture, Environment, and Humanities.

JAPANESE 4 (594000)

Students develop more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. The authentic reading selections are emphasized at this level. Students communicate using more complex language structures and express abstract ideas with reasonable fluency. Students are able to create and listen with understanding to reports and presentations. They are also able to describe, summarize and discuss selected upper level POS themes and topics.

JAPANESE 5 (595000)

Students study selected upper level POS themes and topics using more sophisticated communication skills in all four areas - listening, speaking, reading, and writing -with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They participate in in-depth studies of major literary works and historical events and learn to recognize the various themes and conflicts involved. Students express abstract ideas while discussing literature, history, and current events.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT JAPANESE LANGUAGE (597004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Language examination given each spring, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level if a qualifying score is obtained. Students study the use of language for active communication. Specifically, they understand the spoken target language in both formal and conversational situations. They express ideas accurately and resourcefully, both orally and in writing, with reasonable fluency, and they develop a vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, contemporary literature, and other nontechnical writings. They receive extensive training in the organization and writing of compositions, review syntax, and study selected works by contemporary authors. Materials will include recordings, films, newspapers, and magazines. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement Japanese Language exam.

Latin

LATIN 1 (531000)

Students learn basic language structures and essential elements of Latin pronunciation in order to be able to read simple passages in Latin. The relationship of English to Latin is emphasized in vocabulary building, word derivation, and meanings of prefixes and suffixes. Language structures and syntax are developed through the study of literary passages. The geography, history, government and the culture of the Roman Empire are studied. For middle school students, this credit becomes a part of the high school transcript, is included in the determination of the high school grade point average (GPA), and counts toward fulfilling the foreign language requirements of the high school diploma. It also counts toward the total number of credits required for graduation.

LATIN 2 (532000)

Students learn additional vocabulary, more complex language structures and syntax in order to be able to read more challenging passages in Latin. Language structures and syntax are developed through the study of literary passages. Students continue to explore as they study Roman life and Rome’s contribution to our civilization.

LATIN 3 (533000)

Students continue to develop and refine their reading skills through the study of Latin literature. Additional vocabulary, more complex language structures and syntax are emphasized in order to be able to read the writings of prose authors. Through translation and interpretation, students gain a greater understanding of the foundation of Western government and civilization.

LATIN 4 (534000)

Students continue to develop and refine their reading skills through the study of Latin literature. Students read Virgil’s Aeneid silently for comprehension and orally for poetic meter and analyze the various passages for content, connotation of words and author’s style. Students study the life and times of Virgil, his influence on later writers, his poetic devices, and his Aeneid as a literary work.

LATIN 5 (535000)

Students continue their study of Latin prose and/or poetry, improving their reading proficiency as they deepen their understanding of more complex syntax. Analysis of the Latin texts as literature is emphasized. Students also develop a greater appreciation of the social and political context in which the various works were written as well as their influence upon later literature.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT LATIN - CATULLUS/OVID (538005)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement examination on Catullus and Horace, Catullus and Ovid, or Catullus and Cicero, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level if a qualifying score is achieved. Students study the literary techniques used by Roman authors and learn aspects of stylistic analysis, with emphasis on refining the student's ability to read and understand Latin poetry and on comprehending and interpreting the readings from either Catullus/Horace, or Catullus/Ovid, or Catullus/Cicero. Students also study the political, social, and cultural backgrounds of the works being read, as well as classical influences upon later literature. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement Latin Catullus/Ovid exam.

Russian

RUSSIAN 1 (541000)

Students develop the ability to communicate about themselves and their immediate environment using simple sentences containing basic language structures. This communication is evidenced in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. Students begin to explore and study the themes of Personal and Family Life, School Life, Social Life, and Community Life.

RUSSIAN 2 (542000)

Students continue to develop proficiency in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. They learn to function in real-life situations using more complex sentences and language structures. They read material on familiar topics and produce short writing samples. Students continue to explore as they study the themes of Home Life, Student Life, Leisure Time, and Vacation and Travel.

RUSSIAN 3 (543000)

Students continue to develop and refine their proficiency in all four language skills listening, speaking, reading, and writing - with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They communicate using more complex language structures on a variety of topics, moving from concrete to more abstract concepts. At this level, students comprehend the main ideas of the authentic materials that they read and hear, and they are able to identify significant details when the topics are familiar. Students gain a deeper understanding of the world around them while studying Rights and Responsibilities, Future Plans and Choices, Teen Culture, Environment, and Humanities.

RUSSIAN 4 (544000)

Students develop more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. The authentic reading selections are emphasized at this level. Students communicate using more complex language structures and express abstract ideas with reasonable fluency. Students are able to create and listen with understanding to reports and presentations. They are also able to describe, summarize and discuss selected upper level POS themes and topics.

Spanish

SPANISH 1 (551000)

Students develop the ability to communicate about themselves and their immediate environment using simple sentences containing basic language structures. This communication is evidenced in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. Students begin to explore and study the POS themes of Personal and Family Life, School Life, Social Life, and Community Life. For middle school students, this credit becomes a part of the high school transcript, is included in the determination of the high school grade point average (GPA), and counts toward fulfilling the foreign language requirements of the high school diploma. It also counts toward the total number of credits required for graduation.

SPANISH 2 (552000)

Students continue to develop proficiency in all four language skills - listening, speaking, reading, and writing - with emphasis on the ability to communicate orally and in writing. They learn to function in real-life situations using more complex sentences and language structures. They read material on familiar topics and produce short writing samples. Students continue to explore as they study the POS themes of Home Life, Student Life, Leisure Time, and Vacation and Travel.

SPANISH 3 (553000)

Students continue to develop and refine their proficiency in all four language skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing - with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They communicate using more complex language structures on a variety of topics, moving from concrete to more abstract concepts. At this level, students comprehend the main ideas of the authentic materials that they read and hear and are able to identify significant details when the topics are familiar. Students gain a deeper understanding of the world around them while studying the POS themes of Rights and Responsibilities, Future Plans and Choices, Teen Culture, Environment, and Humanities.

SPANISH 4 (554000)

Students develop more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. The authentic reading selections are emphasized at this level. Students communicate using more complex language structures and express abstract ideas with reasonable fluency. Students are able to create and listen with understanding to reports and presentations. They are also able to describe, summarize and discuss selected upper level POS themes and topics.

SPANISH 5 (555000)

Students study selected upper level POS themes and topics using more sophisticated communication skills in all for areas – listening, speaking, reading and writing – with emphasis on the ability to interact orally and in writing. They participate in in-depth studies of major literary works and historical events and learn to recognize the various themes and conflicts involved. Students express abstract ideas while discussing literature, history, and current events.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT SPANISH LANGUAGE (557004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Language examination given each spring, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level if a qualifying score is obtained. Students study the use of language for active communication. Specifically, they understand the spoken target language in both formal and conversational situations. They express ideas accurately and resourcefully, both orally and in writing, with reasonable fluency, and they develop a vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, contemporary literature, and other nontechnical writings. They receive extensive training in the organization and writing of compositions, review syntax, and study selected works by contemporary authors. Materials will include recordings, films, newspapers, and magazines. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement Spanish Language exam.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT SPANISH LITERATURE (558004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Literature Examination, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level if a qualifying score is achieved. Students increase their proficiency in the basic language skills and learn to analyze prose and verse passages designated in the College Board syllabus. Advanced Placement Spanish Literature (5580) may be offered via the Electronic Classroom. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement Literature exam.

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HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9 (730000)

Students gain knowledge and skills in a variety of individual, dual, and team sports to develop competencies to promote an active lifestyle. Concepts of physical fitness and conditioning are taught. One quarter of the course includes instruction in the health education topics alcohol, tobacco, and other drug-use prevention (ATOD), nutrition, environmental health and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 10 (740500)

Students demonstrate competency in a lifetime sport or activity and demonstrate physical fitness and an understanding of conditioning principles. One quarter of the course includes instruction in the health education topics; personal and community health. (One quarter of the course includes the classroom component of driver education (701500)). All quarter grades are averaged to determine the final HPE grade (740500).

ADVANCED PHYSICAL EDUCATION 11 (751000)

Students continue to learn and master and/or refine lifetime sports activities with emphasis on health and sports related fitness, as they relate to attainment of a healthy lifestyle. Students may elect this course in grade 11 and/or grade 12. Student may not take this course in lieu of Health and Physical Education grade 9 or grade 10 course requirement.

ADVANCED PHYSICAL EDUCATION 12 (761000)

Students continue to learn and master and/or refine lifetime sports activities with emphasis on health and sports related fitness, as they relate to attainment of a healthy lifestyle. Students may elect this course in grade 11 and/or grade 12. Students may not take this course in lieu of Health and Physical Education grade 9 or 10 requirement.

ADAPTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION (770011)

Adapted physical education is a developmental course for general education and/or special education students. The course serves students who are temporarily or permanently physically disabled or have deficiencies in motor coordination and/or physical fitness. The program is individualized and is directed toward improvement of deficiencies.

SPORTS MEDICINE (763000)

Students study the anatomy and physiology of the skeletal, muscular systems, and kinesiology as they relate to the care and prevention of athletic injuries. Students learn and practice CPR, emergency medical care for athletes, and investigate and study liability for athletics. Students may not take this course in lieu of the grade 9 or grade 10 Health or Physical Education requirement.

WEIGHT TRAINING AND CONDITIONING - LEVEL 1 (764011)

Students study human anatomy and physiology, kinesiology, nutrition, ergogenic aids, and their relationship and application to conditioning and weight training. Students will participate in and develop an individual weight training and conditioning program to improve cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and overall body strength Students may not take this course in lieu of the grade 9 or grade 10 Health and Physical Education requirement.

WEIGHT TRAINING AND CONDITIONING - LEVEL 2 (764012)

Students study, examine and apply plyometrics; identify and discuss antagonistic and protagonist ic muscle groups and their functions. Students develop, practice and assess a personalized program to enhance neuromuscular efficiency and muscle and body composition; and identify and exhibit correct lifting and spotting techniques. Students may not take this course in lieu of the grade 9 or grade 10 Health and Physical Education requirement.

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ALGEBRA 1 / PART 1 (313100)

Algebra 1 / Part 1 extends students' understanding of the real number system and its properties through the study of variables, expressions, equations, inequalities, and analysis of data derived from real-world phenomena. Topics include linear equations and inequalities, properties of triangles, linear relations and functions, measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and data analysis. Algebra 1 / Part 1 includes some of the Virginia Standards of Learning for Algebra 1. Students must pass Algebra 1 to receive mathematics graduation credit for Algebra 1 / Part 1.

ALGEBRA 1 (313000)

This course extends students’ knowledge and understanding of the real number system and its properties through the study of variables, expressions, equations, inequalities, and analysis of data derived from real-world phenomena. Emphasis is placed on making connections in algebra to geometry and statistics. Calculator and computer technologies will be used as tools wherever appropriate. Use of a graphing calculator is considered essential to provide a graphical and numerical approach to topics in addition to a symbolic approach. Topics include linear equations and inequalities, systems of linear equations, relations, functions and polynomials. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

GEOMETRY (314300)

This course emphasizes two- and three-dimensional reasoning skills, coordinate and transformational geometry, and the use of geometric models to solve problems. A variety of applications and some general problem-solving techniques, including algebraic skills, will be used to explore geometric relationships. Conjectures about properties and relationships are developed inductively and then verified deductively. Calculators, computers, graphing utilities, dynamic geometry software, and other appropriate technology tools will be used to assist in teaching and learning. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

GEOMETRY HONORS (314336)

This course emphasizes two- and three-dimensional reasoning skills, coordinate and transformational geometry, and the use of geometric models to solve problems. A variety of applications and some general problem-solving techniques, including algebraic skills, will be used to explore geometric relationships. Conjectures about properties and relationships are developed inductively and then verified deductively. Students investigate non-Euclidean geometries, formal logic, and use deductive proofs to verify theorems. Calculators, computers, graphing utilities, dynamic geometry software, and other appropriate technology tools will be used to assist in teaching and learning. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

ALGEBRA 2 (313500)

Algebra 2 provides a thorough treatment of algebraic concepts through the study of functions, polynomials, rational expressions, complex numbers, exponential and logarithmic equations, matrices, arithmetic and geometric sequences and series, and data analysis. Emphasis is placed on the mechanics of algebra with real world applications and modeling. A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

ALGEBRA 2 HONORS (313536)

The depth and level of understanding expected in Algebra 2 Honors is beyond the scope of Algebra 2. Students are expected not only to master algebraic mechanics but also to understand the underlying theory and to apply the concepts to real-world situations in a meaningful way. A thorough treatment of advanced algebraic concepts is provided through the study of functions, polynomials, rational expressions, complex numbers, matrices, exponential and logarithmic equations, infinite geometric sequences and series, permutations and combinations, and selected topics in discrete mathematics. Emphasis is on modeling, logic, and interpretation of results. A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems, as applicable. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

PRECALCULUS (316000)

PreCalculus includes all the topics of Trigonometry (3150) and a thorough treatment of functions through the study of polynomials, rational functions, logarithmic, exponential, and inverse functions. Topics include continuity, maximum and minimum points, parametric equations, an intuitive approach to limits, and rates of change. A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable. Emphasis will be placed on problem solving techniques. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.

PRECALCULUS HONORS (316036)

Precalculus Honors includes all of the topics of Trigonometry (3150) and an in-depth treatment of functions through the study of polynomials, transformations, rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, inverses, polar equations, parametric equations, two-dimensional vectors, and selected topics in discrete mathematics. The course also includes the study of limits, continuity, maximum and minimum points and values, definition and properties of the derivative, rules of differentiation, equations of tangent lines to polynomial functions, infinite limits, and partial fractions. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.

COMPUTER SCIENCE (318400)

Students develop detailed knowledge of the fundamental structure of a computer system, with emphasis on problem solving and structured programming. Skills in defining, writing, and running programs on a computer are developed through an individual approach that allows the student to work with both mathematical and non-mathematical problems. Java will be the major programming language.

APPLIED STATISTICS (319062)

Applied Statistics is a computer-based, project-oriented introduction to statistics that emphasizes working with data, graphs, and statistical ideas on computers, using the Minitab and FATHOM statistical software. Students are expected to develop and present professional quality statistical analyses.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT STATISTICS (319204)

Advanced Placement Statistics includes graphical and numerical techniques to study patterns and explore data, strategies for developing a plan to conduct a study based on data analysis, probability as a tool for predicting distribution of data, and techniques of statistical inference. Students who successfully complete this course and the AP statistics examination may receive credit and/or advanced placement for a one-semester college statistics course. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS AB (317004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students for the Advanced Placement AB examination, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level, if a qualifying score is obtained. Content of this college-level course corresponds to the syllabus of the College Board Advanced Placement Program for AB Calculus. Content includes concepts and applications of differential and integral calculus, limits, and elementary differential equations. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS BC (317704)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students for the Calculus BC Advanced Placement examination, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level, if a qualifying score is obtained. Content of this college-level course corresponds to the syllabus of the College Board Calculus BC Advanced Placement Program. Content includes concepts and applications of differential and integral calculus, sequences and series, and elementary differential equations. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS (317860) AND MATRIX ALGEBRA (319800)

A third semester college-level course, Multivariable calculus is the calculus of three dimensions and includes the study of partial differentiation, multiple integrals, and line integrals. This course will receive a weighted grade and may be taken for college credit. Class presentations may be offered through television.

Matrix algebra is a college-level course and includes the study of systems of linear equations, vector spaces, linear dependence, linear transformations and matrix representation, orthogonal reduction, determinants, eigenvectors and eigenvalues, and a variety of applications. This course will receive a weighted grade and may be taken for college credit. Class presentations may be offered through television.

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Biology

BIOLOGY 1 (431000)

Biology 1 is a laboratory-oriented course designed to give students a background in biological concepts as well as experience in using the methods of scientific inquiry. The course focuses on the life processes that occur within the cell, the anatomy and physiology of complex multicellular organisms, and the ways by which life forms reproduce, develop, and adapt to conditions in their environment. The course includes a unit on human life education that addresses the topics of human reproduction and human development. Parents have the option of withdrawing their children from any or all topics included in the state-mandated Family Life Education portion. Students opting-out will be provided with alternative biology lessons. If dissections are a part of the laboratory experience, alternatives are available. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

BIOLOGY 1 HONORS (431036)

Biology 1 Honors utilizes a molecular approach to the study of biology. This lab-centered course stresses cell processes and the anatomy and physiology of multicellular organisms. Biology 1 Honors includes a unit on human life education that addresses the topics of human reproduction and human development. Parents have the option of withdrawing their children from any or all topics included in the state-mandated Family Life Education portion. Students opting-out will be provided with alternative biology lessons. Students will be involved in doing experimental/research projects, either independently or in teams. If dissections are a part of the laboratory experience, alternatives are available. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (435000)

This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of genetics. It is designed to acquaint students with not only the classical patterns of inheritance but also with present findings in molecular genetics. Laboratory experiments provide active participation in demonstrating and applying the concepts and theories of genetics and biotechnology. This course does not count as one of the science credits for the standard diploma. It can be used as the fourth credit for an advanced studies diploma, if the student has already taken three science courses from three different disciplines.

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MEDICAL SCIENCES (433000)

Human Anatomy and Physiology provides students with an in-depth understanding and working knowledge of the human body. It covers the ten systems of the human body with emphasis on the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. Lab activities cover both the physiological as well as the anatomical aspects of human biology. Careers in the medical sciences are explored and an independent project is required. If dissections are a part of the laboratory experience, alternatives are available. This course does not count as one of the science credits for the standard diploma. It can be used as the fourth science credit for an advanced studies diploma, if the student has already taken three science courses from three different disciplines.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT BIOLOGY (437004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Biology exam for which college credit and/or placement may be granted by an approving institution if a qualifying score is achieved. Advanced Placement Biology is a second-level biology course that utilizes laboratory research activities to acquaint students with the means by which biological information is collected and interpreted. The course is designed for students who have completed the core science curriculum and are now prepared to pursue more advanced and specialized studies. If dissections are a part of the laboratory experience, alternatives are available. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

Chemistry

CHEMISTRY 1 (441000)

Chemistry 1 is designed to enable all students to acquire an understanding of how chemical theory is developed and how a chemist thinks and works. Students investigate the composition, properties, and reactions of matter. The approach is inductive and mathematical, as well as conceptual. Laboratory experiments and subsequent classroom analysis are integral components of the course. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

CHEMISTRY 1 HONORS (441036)

Chemistry 1 Honors utilizes an inductive and mathematical approach to the study of chemistry. Students investigate the composition, properties, and reactions of matter by performing laboratory experiments and obtaining evidence to support the development of the major concepts in chemistry. Students will be involved in doing experimental/research projects, either independently or in teams. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY (447004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement examination, for which college credit and/or placement may be given if a qualifying score is achieved. Advanced Placement Chemistry is a second-level, laboratory-centered course that provides an opportunity for students to undertake a more comprehensive investigation of some aspects of chemistry than is normally possible in the first-year chemistry course. It is designed for students who have completed a core science curriculum and are now ready to pursue more advanced and specialized studies. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

Physics

ACTIVE PHYSICS (451050)

Active Physics is a physics course for students with weak math skills. This course has a strong emphasis on experimentation using computers and probeware. The six units of study include the physics of sports, medicine, transportation, home, communication, and predictions. The physics content is presented in a problem solving manner to strengthen science and math content knowledge and skills.

PHYSICS 1 (451000)

Physics 1 introduces the central concepts of physics, including the conservation laws (mass, energy, and momentum), electricity and magnetism, and waves. This laboratory-centered course utilizes an approach that is inductive and mathematical as well as conceptual.

PHYSICS 1 HONORS (451036)

Physics 1 Honors introduces the most central concepts of physics, including the dual wave-particle nature of light, conservation laws (mass, energy, and momentum), electricity and magnetism, and waves. This course is laboratory-centered and employs the methods of scientific inquiry. Students will be involved in doing experimental/research projects, either independently or in teams.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C (457004)

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Physics C examination, for which college credit and/or placement may be given if a qualifying score is achieved. Advanced Placement Physics is a second-level course which surveys a broad selection of physics topics at a level above Physics 1. It is designed for students who have completed a core science curriculum and are now ready to pursue more advanced and specialized studies. AP Physics C serves as the foundation in physics for students who wish to pursue physical science or engineering degrees. All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

Earth Sciences

GEOSYSTEMS (422