Muscle tone and joint stability in the trunk, shoulders, wrists, and hands are important for hand skill development. Working in the vertical position is especially important to strengthen the whole arm and to lay the foundation for writing. Try these:

• Draw on the shower or tub wall with soap or shaving cream.
• Draw shapes, letters, or numbers, on the wall with a flashlight.
• Use toys like Lights Alive, Magnadoodle, Lite Brite, or Battleship

Oral language is the basis for all communication, both spoken and written. Build those pre-reading and pre-writing by lots of talking. Try these:

• Share favorite songs, such as "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" and "The Itsy Bitsy Spider"
• Recite nursery rhymes and do finger plays that focus on rhyme
• Play games that involve following directions ("Simon Says")

Mathematics is the development of logical thinking and the ability to see patterns and relationships. Try these:

• Provide opportunities to sort and classify objects by color, size, or shape (buttons, clothing, cereal, noodles)
• Set the table by matching plates, utensils, and napkins for each family member.

Exposing young children to books, reading, and storytelling builds reading readiness skills. Try these:

• Visit the local library and get a library card for your child. Make frequent trips for story listening opportunities and checking out books.
• Explore language and build vocabulary. Provide wordless picture books to encourage your child to make up his or her own stories.