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Fairfax County Public Schools
Social Studies Program of Studies:
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Suggested time for instruction: three weeks
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events during the first half of the nineteenth century by
- Identifying the economic, political, and geographic factors that led to territorial expansion and its impact on the American Indians (First Americans);
- Describing the key features of the Jackson Era, with emphasis on federal banking policies;
- Describing the cultural, economic, and political issues that divided the nation, including slavery, the abolitionist and women’s suffrage movements, and the role of the states in the Union.
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- What precedents and political institutions were established during the early years of the nation?
- How did international events affect the domestic and foreign policy of the United States?
- How was nationalism expressed in cultural, political, economic, and foreign policy developments?
- How did economic and technological innovations transform American society?
- How did Jacksonian democracy and reform movements reflect the growth of political and social opportunity?
- How was the judicial power of the federal government transformed during this period?
- What were the factors that influenced the territorial expansion of the United States?
- What were the methods and the consequences of United States territorial expansion?
- How did sectional differences lead to disputes about slavery, the nature of the union, and the power of the national government that climaxed with the Civil War?
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NOTE: Red Bolded content in the indicators is considered essential and must be taught in all classrooms. Content which is not bolded goes beyond the scope and sequence of the state standards.
Benchmark 6.1: The student analyzes the development of the first American political party system.
6.1 Performance Indicators
Students reach this benchmark when they are able to:
- Explain the events, principles, and issues that led Jefferson to form the Democratic Republican Party.
- Compare and contrast Hamilton and Jefferson’s ideas and the social and economic composition of each political party.
- Compare and contrast the views of the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans on the main economic and foreign policy issues of the 1790’s, including the French Revolution.
- Analyze the impact of the election of 1800.
Benchmark 6.2: The student analyzes foreign policy developments during the early years of the Republic Era through the mid-19th century.
6.2 Performance Indicators
Students reach this benchmark when they are able to:
- Analyze the foreign policy decisions of the Washington, Adams, and Jefferson (declaration of neutrality, Jay Treaty, Pinckney’s Treaty, Alien and Sedition Acts, XYZ Affair, Louisiana Purchase/Lewis and Clark, Sacajawea, Embargo Act, Barbary pirates).
- Analyze how the Louisiana Purchase influenced politics, economic development, and the concept of Manifest Destiny.
- Explain President Madison’s reasons for declaring war in 1812 (impressment, disruption of trade) and analyze the impact of the war on territorial expansion (Oregon Territory, Florida).
- Identify the origins and provisions of the Monroe Doctrine and how it influenced hemispheric relations.
- Investigate the impact of trans-Mississippi expansion on Native Americans.
Benchmark 6.3: The student analyzes political institutions and practices during the early Republican Era.
6.3 Performance Indicators
Students reach this benchmark when they are able to:
- Appraise how John Marshall’s precedent setting decisions interpreted the Constitution and established the Supreme Court as an independent and equal branch of the government (Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland).
- Explain why the election of Andrew Jackson was considered a victory for the “common man” with reference to an increased voting population and the spoils system.
- Analyze the political consequences of territorial growth (sectionalism, Native Americans-Indian Removal Act/Trail of Tears, admission of new states--Florida, Missouri Compromise, states’ rights, and the new political parties).
Benchmark 6.4: The student analyzes the impact of growing nationalism on social, political, economic, and cultural developments of the era.
6.4 Performance Indicators
Students reach this benchmark when they are able to:
- Examine the role of economic and technological innovations in transforming American society (Eli Whitney/cotton gin, interchangeable parts, mass production).
- Discuss the economic and political effects of the debate over the re-chartering of the National Bank and the ensuing Panic of 1837.
- Explain the economic, political, racial, and religious roots of Manifest Destiny and analyze how the concept influenced the westward expansion of the nation.
- Explain the causes of the Texas war for independence (Alamo) and the Mexican-American war and evaluate the provisions and consequences of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
- Explain the peaceful resolution of the Oregon dispute with Great Britain.
Benchmark 6.5: The student analyzes and evaluates reform movements as attempts to further opportunities in the new nation.
6.5 Performance Indicators
Students reach this benchmark when they are able to:
- Assess how the Second Great Awakening impinged on the antebellum issues such as public education, temperance, women’s suffrage, abolition, and commercialization.
- Define transcendentalism, account for the rise of the first American renaissance and analyze ideas concerning the individual, society, and nature expressed in the literary works of transcendentalists.
- Analyze the activities of women of different racial and social groups and the reform movements for education, abolition, temperance, and women’s suffrage.
- Analyze the goals of the 1848 Seneca Falls “Declaration of Sentiments” and the roles of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the fight for women’s suffrage.
Benchmark 6.6: The student analyzes the regional differences and disputes that climaxed in the era of the Civil War.
6.6 Performance Indicators
Students reach this benchmark when they are able to:
- Identify and explain the widening economic, social, and cultural differences between the North and the South.
- Compare and contrast the economic foundations of the early industrial North and the agrarian South and the role geography played in the alignment of the North, South, and West during the Civil War.
- Evaluate events and issues such as slavery, the States’ Rights Doctrine, nullification, tariffs, trade, western expansion, and popular sovereignty that led to secession and the Civil War.
- Reconstruct the chronology and significance of critical events that led to the Civil War (Missouri Compromise, John Brown/Harper’s Ferry, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Nat Turner’s Rebellion, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, “Bleeding Kansas”, Lincoln- Douglas debates, William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator, Dred Scott decision, Election of 1860).
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