In second grade Mathematics, students learn concepts based on the following Strands:
Number Concepts, Theory, Sense
- Estimate, count, write, and model numbers up to 999. Name numbers in a variety of ways, (e.g., 25 + 25, 5 groups of 10, 75 - 25, and 20 + 20 + 10 are all names for 50).
- Read and write number words for multiples of ten.
- EXT: Read and write number words through one hundred.
- Trade ones, tens, and hundreds using concrete materials; record the results.
- Compare and order numbers up to and including three digits. Explore >, <, = signs.
- Identify ordinal position through twentieth.
- Write number sentences for fact families with sums to 18, demonstrating the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction. Demonstrate an understanding of the commutative property of addition.
- EXT: Illustrate number sentences using computer software such as KidPix.
- Model and record different subtraction situations including comparison of two groups, missing part, and take away.
- Write repeated addition sentences, exploring the relationship between addition and multiplication (e.g., 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 is 4 groups of 7). Recognize the multiplication symbol "x".
- EXT: Use computer software to illustrate multiplication as repeated addition and arrays.
- Round two-digit numbers to the nearest 10.
- EXT: Round three-digit numbers to the nearest 10.
- Establish proficiency with basic facts to 18. Include these strategies: doubles, near doubles, "counting on and back" (1, 2, and 3), and making/using ten.
- Model, identify, write, compare, and name fractional parts of regions (1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/10).
- EXT: Model, identify, write, compare, and name fractional parts of sets.
- Count, compare, and order money amounts to $5.00, using dollar bills and a collection of coins less than a dollar. Read and write money amounts using the dollar sign and decimal point.
- EXT: Count, compare, write, and order money amounts to $10.00.
back to top
Operations
- Mentally compute addition and subtraction facts to 18.
- Use models and record addition of two-digit numbers.
- EXT: Explain the addition of three or more two-digit numbers using a mental strategy and/or concrete materials.
- Estimate and add two-digit numbers including money amounts, using symbolic notation. EXT: Estimate and add three-digit numbers, including money amounts.
- Estimate and add three or more addends, sums to 18.
- Use models and record subtraction of two-digit numbers.
- Estimate and solve two-digit subtraction problems including money amounts, using symbolic notation.
- EXT: Estimate and subtract three-digit numbers, including money amounts.
- Add and subtract tens and ones using a hundreds chart or a number line.
- EXT: Add and subtract tens and ones mentally.
- Use multiples and arrays to solve problems. Use models/manipulatives to explore division.
- EXT: Explore the relationship between multiplication and division.
- Solve real-life problems with fractions using concrete materials.
back to top
Measurement
- Estimate, measure, and compare length using nonstandard units, inches, centimeters, feet, and meters.
- EXT: Explore measurement of curved paths.
- Explore the perimeter of polygons using nonstandard units, inches, and centimeters.
- Explore area with concrete materials and grid paper.
- Explore the concept of volume by filling boxes and building box shapes using cubes.
- Compare weights with a balance scale, relating objects to one pound or one kilogram. EXT: Estimate, weigh, and order a collection of objects.
- Estimate, measure, and compare capacity in nonstandard units and standard units (cups, pints, quarts, gallons, and liters).
- EXT: Recognize equivalencies (e.g., 2 cups = 1 pint).
- Read a Fahrenheit thermometer and record temperature over a period of time. Compare seasonal differences.
- Trade pennies for nickels, dimes, and quarters.
- Count a collection of mixed coins. Find and record a variety of ways to show a given amount of money.
- EXT: Make change to $1.00.
- Estimate, read, and write time to the hour and half-hour using both digital and analog clocks. Explore time to the quarter hour.
- EXT: Explore reading time to the nearest five minutes.
- Subtract or "count on" to determine time span (on the hours).
- Name and sequence the days of the week and months of the year. Recognize calendar patterns.
back to top
Geometry
- Recognize the concept of symmetry.
- EXT: Identify, make, and extend symmetrical (mirror image) patterns.
- Recognize and identify 2-dimensional shapes (triangle, square, circle, rectangle) regardless of orientation. Explore other 2-dimensional shapes (regular and irregular polygons, and non-polygons). Sort shapes by size, shape, sides, or corners and identify sorting rule.
- EXT: Create multiple sorting rules for a given set of shapes.
- Explore congruence, using concrete materials (e.g., geoboards, pattern blocks).
- EXT: Explore the results of combining and subdividing shapes to create different shapes.
- Explore 3-dimensional solids in the environment.
- EXT: Identify and sort 3-dimensional solids in the environment.
back to top
Data Analysis/Statistics/Probability
- Collect, count, and sort data. Justify the sorting rule.
- Keep track of data by using concrete objects, tally marks, and organized lists.
- Organize, record, and interpret data on grids and charts.
- Record and interpret data on bar graphs and pictographs. Share findings.
- Explore probability with concrete materials (e.g., number cubes, coins, 2-colored counters, spinner) and communicate findings.
- EXT: Make predictions about similar experiments based on findings (e.g., What would happen if -you were allowed more spins? -you added more cubes?)
back to top
Patterns/Functions/Algebra
- Complete a sequence (orally and in writing) of 10 or fewer consecutive numbers to 999.
- Count forward by twos, threes, fives, tens, and hundreds.
- EXT: Make a record of counting by fours. Compare it to other skip-counting patterns and explain.
- Identify and extend a variety of patterns using objects and symbols, including numbers. Recognize patterns in number sentences. Create patterns.
- EXT. Compare patterns from various cultures, describing likenesses and differences.
- Recognize and record even and odd patterns.
- EXT: Explore odd and even patterns in larger numbers. Use patterns to make predictions and to count in other numeric sequences; for example, will 45 be in the sequence when counting by fives starting at 13?
- Find missing addends like 3 + q = 7 and 9 - q = 2.
- Find simple addition and subtraction function rules (e.g., +5) given input and output data (e.g., input 5, output 10; input 7, output 12).
- EXT: Create a function rule problem for a friend to solve.
- Create additive patterns (e.g., 2 + 2 + 2 + 2..., 5 + 5 + 5, + 5...).
- EXT: Explore finding missing factors; for example, how many groups of two does it take to make eight?
back to top
Problem Solving/Application
- Share a real-life event (math happening) and pose a question that can be answered using the information given in the story.
- Illustrate "math happening" number sentences by drawing a picture or making a graphic representation.
- Represent a verbalized, one-step story problem, using semi-concrete materials and/or pictorial representations; record the number sentence and solve. Create story situations that fit given math sentences (equations).
- EXT: Sort problems according to operation and problem structure.
- Solve problems using a logical procedure (a plan) by responding to sequential questions.
- Select appropriate materials and tools to solve a problem (e.g., countables, measurement tools, calculators).
- Develop and apply operations and strategies (guess and check; act it out; make/use a list, chart; make/use a graph; build a model; draw a picture; work backward; use estimation; use a pattern) to solve a variety of one-step routine and nonroutine problems.
- Solve problems by working collaboratively with a partner or small group; recognize that there may be more than one way to solve a problem; explain how/why the solution is reasonable.
- Share and explain (verbalize/record/demonstrate) thinking about how the problem was solved.
- Acquire confidence in using mathematics meaningfully to solve problems.
back to top
|
