Individualized Mathematics

Grades:  9, 10, 11, 12                                          Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  None

The purpose of this course is to provide instruction of elementary mathematics skills to ESOL or special education students who are functioning below the sixth grade level in mathematics. The course is designed to present the elementary mathematics Program of Studies in a condensed format using manipulatives, special materials, and adaptive strategies. The course includes number concepts, mental mathematics, estimation, problem solving, operations, measurement, geometry, data analysis, statistics, probability, and fractions. Students may need up to two years to complete the course, but should move to the next course as soon as their mathematics skills warrant. ESOL and special education students must be enrolled in different sections.  ESOL sections (312190) will emphasize language objectives in addition to mathematics objectives.  For special education students, this course should be reflected in the student's IEP. This course does not meet the mathematics graduation requirements for the Standard or Advanced Studies Diploma.  Students earn elective credit. This course may be added to a school program only with the approval of the Office of High School Instruction and K-12 Curriculum Services.

 



Algebra 1 (Part 1)

Grades:  9, 10                                                      Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Middle School Mathematics

Algebra 1 / Part 1 extends students' understanding of the real number system and its properties through the study of variables, expressions, equations, inequalities, and analysis of data derived from real-world phenomena. Topics include linear equations and inequalities, linear relations and functions, measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), data analysis and middle school objectives as needed. Algebra 1 / Part 1 includes approximately sixty percent of the Virginia Standards of Learning for Algebra 1. Students must pass Algebra 1 to receive mathematics graduation credit for Algebra 1 / Part 1. 

Algebra 1

Grades:  9, 10, 11                                                Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Middle School Mathematics

This course extends students’ knowledge and understanding of the real number system and its properties through the study of variables, expressions, equations, inequalities, and analysis of data derived from real-world phenomena. Emphasis is placed on making connections in algebra to geometry and statistics. Calculator and computer technologies will be used as tools wherever appropriate. Use of a graphing calculator is considered essential to provide a graphical and numerical approach to topics in addition to a symbolic approach. Topics include linear equations and inequalities, systems of linear equations, relations, functions and polynomials. Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test. 

Algebra 1 - 2 x 2

Grades:  9, 10, 11                                                Credit:  two
Prerequisite:  Middle School Mathematics 8 and teacher recommendation

Students cover the Algebra 1 Part 1 curriculum first semester and Algebra 1 curriculum the second semester.  Class meets for a block every day (90 minutes per day).  Upon successful completion of the course, students earn an Algebra 1, Part 1 and Algebra 1, Part 2 credit.  Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test. 



Algebra 2

Grades: 9, 10, 11, 12                                           Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

Algebra 2 provides a thorough treatment of algebraic concepts through the study of functions, polynomials, rational expressions, complex numbers, exponential and logarithmic equations, matrices, arithmetic and geometric sequences and series, and data analysis. Emphasis is placed on the mechanics of algebra with real world applications and modeling. A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.
Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test. 

Algebra 2 Honors

Grades:  9, 10, 11                                                Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

The depth and level of understanding expected in Algebra 2 Honors is beyond the scope of Algebra 2. Students are expected not only to master algebraic mechanics but also to understand the underlying theory and to apply the concepts to real-world situations in a meaningful way. A thorough treatment of advanced algebraic concepts is provided through the study of functions, polynomials, rational expressions, complex numbers, matrices, exponential and logarithmic equations, infinite geometric sequences and series, permutations and combinations, and selected topics in discrete mathematics. Emphasis is on modeling, logic, and interpretation of results. A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems, as applicable. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.  Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test.



Geometry

Grades:  9, 10, 11, 12                                          Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

This course emphasizes two- and three-dimensional reasoning skills, coordinate and transformational geometry, and the use of geometric models to solve problems.  A variety of applications and some general problem-solving techniques, including algebraic skills, will be used to explore geometric relationships.  Conjectures about properties and relationships are developed inductively and then verified deductively.  Calculators, computers, graphing utilities, dynamic geometry software, and other appropriate technology tools will be used to assist in teaching and learning.  Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test. 

Geometry Honors

Grades:  10, 11, 12                                              Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Algebra 1

The depth and level of understanding expected in Geometry Honors is beyond the scope of Geometry.  This course emphasizes two- and three-dimensional reasoning skills, coordinate and transformational geometry, and the use of geometric models to solve problems.  A variety of applications and some general problem-solving techniques, including algebraic skills, will be used to explore geometric relationships.  Conjectures about properties and relationships are developed inductively and then verified deductively.  Students investigate non-Euclidean geometries, formal logic, and use deductive proofs to verify theorems.  Calculators, computers, graphing utilities, dynamic geometry software, and other appropriate technology tools will be used to assist in teaching and learning.  Students are required to take the Standards of Learning End of Course Test. 



Trigonometry

Grades:  11, 12                                            Credit:  one-half
Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 2

Trigonometry topics include circular functions, right triangle ratios, solving trigonometric equations, inverses, identities, the Laws of Sines and Cosines, graphing trigonometric functions, and applying trigonometric techniques to solving real-world problems. A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.

Discrete Mathematics Semester Course

Grades:  11, 12                                            Credit:  one-half
Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 2

Course content includes management science, the mathematics of apportionment, matrix operations and applications, recursion, and other discrete applications in the natural and social sciences.



Trigonometry

Grades:  11, 12                                            Credit:  one-half
Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 2

Trigonometry topics include circular functions, right triangle ratios, solving trigonometric equations, inverses, identities, the Laws of Sines and Cosines, graphing trigonometric functions, and applying trigonometric techniques to solving real-world problems. A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs. Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable. Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.

Probability and Statistics Semester Course

Grades:  11, 12                                            Credit:  one-half
Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 2

Course content includes theory of probability, description of statistical measurements, probability distributions, and statistical inference.  Optional topics include statistical inference involving two populations, linear regression, and correlation.

AP Statistics

Grades:  10, 11, 12                      Credit:  one/weighted +.5
Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 2

Advanced Placement Statistics includes graphical and numerical techniques to study patterns and explore data, strategies for developing a plan to conduct a study based on data analysis, probability as a tool for predicting distribution of data, and techniques of statistical inference.  Students who successfully complete this course and the AP statistics examination may receive credit and/or advanced placement for a one-semester college statistics course.  All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.



Pre calculus with Trigonometry

Grades:  10, 11, 12                                              Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 2

Pre calculus with Trigonometry includes all the topics of Trigonometry (3150) and a thorough treatment of functions through the study of polynomials, rational functions, logarithmic, exponential, and inverse functions.  Topics include continuity, maximum and minimum points, an intuitive approach to limits, and rates of change.  A transformational approach to graphing is used with families of related graphs.  Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable.  Emphasis will be placed on problem solving techniques.  Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.

Pre calculus with Trigonometry Honors

Grades:  10, 11, 12                                              Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Geometry and Algebra 2

The depth and level of understanding expected in Pre calculus with Trigonometry Honors is beyond the scope of Pre calculus with Trigonometry.  Pre calculus with Trigonometry Honors includes all of the topics of Trigonometry (3150) and an in-depth treatment of functions through the study of polynomials, transformations, rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, inverses, polar equations, parametric equations, two-dimensional vectors, and selected topics in discrete mathematics.  The course also includes the study of limits, continuity, maximum and minimum points and values, definition and properties of the derivative, rules of differentiation, equations of tangent lines to polynomial functions, infinite limits, and partial fractions.  Numerical, graphical, and algebraic solutions are considered for all problems as applicable.  Graphing utilities, especially graphing calculators, are integral to the course.



AP Calculus AB

Grades:  11, 12                            Credit:  one/weighted +.5
Prerequisite:  Pre calculus with Trigonometry or Pre calculus with Trigonometry Honors

The purpose of this course is to prepare students for the Advanced Placement AB examination, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level, if a qualifying score is obtained. Content of this college-level course corresponds to the syllabus of the College Board Advanced Placement Program for AB Calculus. Content includes concepts and applications of differential and integral calculus, limits, and elementary differential equations.  All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

AP Calculus BC

Grades:  10, 11, 12                      Credit:  one/weighted +.5
Prerequisite:  Pre calculus with Trigonometry Honors

The purpose of this course is to prepare students for the Calculus BC Advanced Placement examination, for which placement and/or credit may be awarded at the college level, if a qualifying score is obtained. Content of this college-level course corresponds to the syllabus of the College Board Calculus BC Advanced Placement Program. Content includes concepts and applications of differential and integral calculus, sequences and series, and elementary differential equations.  All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

Multivariable Calculus

Grades:  11, 12                  Credit:  one-half/weighted +.25
Prerequisite:  AP Calculus BC or IB Mathematics HL II

A third semester college-level course, Multivariable calculus is the calculus of three dimensions and includes the study of partial differentiation, multiple integrals, and line integrals.  This course will receive a weighted grade and may be taken for college credit.

Matrix Algebra

Grades:  11, 12                  Credit:  one-half/weighted +.25
Prerequisite:  AP Calculus AB or AP Calculus BC or IB Mathematics HL II

This college-level course includes the study of systems of linear equations, vector spaces, linear dependence, linear transformations and matrix representation, orthogonal reduction, determinants, eigenvectors and eigenvalues, and a variety of applications. This course will receive a weighted grade and may be taken for college credit.



AP Computer Science A

Grades:  10, 11, 12                      Credit:  one/weighted +.5
Prerequisite:  Algebra 1 and Geometry

The purpose of this course is to prepare students for the Advanced Placement Computer Science A examination, for which college credit and/or placement may be given, if a qualifying score is achieved.  Content of this college-level course corresponds to the syllabus of the College Board Advanced Placement Program for Computer Science A.  Students will design software to solve problems and use data structures, such as classes and arrays, to represent information within a program.  Students will also gain a working knowledge of the major hardware and software components of computer systems.  Java is the main vehicle for implementing solutions to problems.  All students are required to take the Advanced Placement exam.

Advanced Computer Science AB

Grades:  11, 12                                                    Credit:  one
Prerequisite:  Computer Science or AP Computer Science A or equivalent

This is an advanced course in Computer Science for students looking to continue the study of programming beyond Computer Science or AP Computer Science A.  The major emphases in this course are programming methodology, algorithms, and data structures. Applications of computing are used to develop students’ awareness of particular algorithms and data structures to provide topics for programming assignments in which students can apply their knowledge. Java is the vehicle for implementing solutions to problems.
Please note that this course is NOT an Advanced Placement course.