

Junior & Senior Handbook
Download Handbook
WHERE TO APPLY
Most students make application to at least three colleges. As you narrow your choices your selections may fall into three categories:
- Possible schools- those which are a reach for you either academically or financially
- Probable schools- those which will meet all your needs and are likely to accept you.
- Safe schools –those which will accept you.
Identify Priorities
Think about what criteria are most important to you when selecting a college. They might include:
- Cost
- Size
- Academic competitiveness
- Location - region/state(s)
- Setting - urban, suburban, rural
- Academic programs
- Special programs - e.g. Learning Disabilities Program, ROTC, Study Abroad, ESL
- Type of school - college, university, fine arts, military, single sex, historically black
- Athletics
- Campus facilities - housing, parking, accommodations for the disabled
- Comfort level - social life, ethnic/religious composition
-
Gather Information
- Research colleges using the sources listed below:
- College Search Programs - Generate a computer list of colleges meeting your individual criteria using EXPAN, Virginia View or CHOICES in the career center.
- Reference Materials - Gather more in-depth information from catalogs, videos, viewbooks, and guides available in the career center.
- Admissions Offices - Contact colleges for more detailed information and applications.
- College Representatives - Meet with college representatives when they visit the career center.
- College Fairs - A variety of college fairs are held locally each year. Among these are the Fairfax County Public Schools College Fair and Night in October, the Northern Virginia Regional College Fair in April, and the National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education (NAFEO) Fair in April. Dates and locations are advertised in the career center.
- Guidance Department/Career Center - Discuss individual colleges with counselors and career resource specialists.
- College Visits - Keep a record of your observations during each visit.
Make a Preliminary List of Colleges
- Develop a list of 15-20 colleges that you would like to research further.
Evaluate Each College
- Evaluate colleges in terms of what criteria are most important to you.
- List the advantages and disadvantages of each college. Do the pluses outweigh the minuses?
Make a Final List of Colleges
- Decide which colleges most nearly meet your criteria - most students apply to 3-6 schools.
WHAT COLLEGES LOOK FOR
It is the responsibility of the college admissions committee to assemble a freshman class that meets the requirements of its institution. Since most colleges have more applicants than they have available space, they establish certain criteria for selection. These include, but are not limited to, academic record (GPA, class rank, and strength of the program), test scores, activities, letters of recommendation and interviews. Other factors they consider are athletic ability, special talents, legacy, and diversity.
No single factor will determine acceptance or rejection. Some colleges may look only at grades and test scores. Most, however, are interested in more than just the academic record. They want to know about interests, accomplishments and future goals. However, poor grades and weak course selections will not impress an admissions officer even if you are editor of the yearbook, president of the student government, and captain of the basketball team. Colleges are looking for well-rounded students who will be academically successful at their institutions. It is important to take challenging courses and work hard.
If you hope to be admitted to a selective college, you should take the most demanding courses offered by the school and maintain a high scholastic average. Most competitive colleges expect their applicants to have at least the following high school preparation:
- English - Four years, including as much writing as possible.
- Math - At least three years including Algebra I, II and Geometry. Four years is preferred.
- Language - At least three years of the same language, more if possible, including senior year.
- History - At least two years of history.
- Science - At least three years of lab science including biology and chemistry.
- Fine Arts - Some exposure, one year should be sufficient.
COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMS
Most colleges require some form of testing to determine your readiness for college-level work. They will require the SAT I or the ACT, not both. It is your responsibility to find out what tests are required by the colleges on your list. This information is available from the colleges themselves or guidebooks in the Career Center. Registration booklets and study guides for all tests, except Advanced Placement, are available in the Career Center and guidance office.
PRELIMINARY SAT I/NATIONAL MERIT SCHOLARSHIP QUALIFYING TEST (PSAT/NMSQT)
- Taken in October of the sophomore or junior year (only junior scores are used to qualify for the National Merit Scholarship programs)
- Taken to prepare for the SAT I
- Scored on a scale of 20 (low) to 80 (high) for writing, verbal, and math
- Registration through the guidance department
SAT I
- Usually taken in the spring of the junior year and again in the fall of the senior year
- Scored on the basis of 200 (low) to 800 (high) for both verbal and math
- Administered in October, November, December, January, March, May, and June
- Registration directly by mail or phone to the College Board
SAT II (SUBJECT TESTS)
- Up to three tests available on one testing date
- Designed to test the level of knowledge of a student in particular academic disciplines
- Scores used for placement in freshman courses; occasionally used as additional indicators in the admissions process
- Administered in November, December, January, May, and June
- Registration directly by mail, computer, or phone to the College Board
- Best taken in the spring of junior year by students completing their studies in foreign language, a science, or American history and by early decision or early action candidates
- Score Choice option allows review of SAT II scores before deciding whether to release them to colleges
ADVANCED PLACEMENT TESTS (AP)
- Designed for students who have completed college level work in high school
- Offered in specific subject areas and used in determining whether or not a student may gain advanced standing in college
- Administered in May
- Registration through the guidance department
- Scored on a scale of 1 (low) to 5 (high)
AMERICAN COLLEGE TESTING ASSESSMENT (ACT)
- The predominant testing program in the Midwest and some parts of the South
- A multiple-choice test in four categories: English, social studies, sciences, and mathematics
- Scored on a scale of 0 (low) to 36 (high)
- Administered in October, December, February, April, and June
TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TOEFL)
- Designed for students for whom English is not a native language and whose scores on the
SAT I verbal would be affected by the language difference. Minimum acceptable scores established by individual colleges.The TOEFL Test may only be taken at approved test centers throughout the world. Information Bulletins are available in the career center and the guidance office
COLLEGE ADMISSION PROGRAMS
Regular Admission
Students are required to apply by a fixed date. Decision letters are mailed to students in the spring.
Rolling Admission
The college considers each student's application as soon as all the required credentials, such as application, school record and test scores have been received. The college usually notifies applicants of its decision in 4-6 weeks.
Early Decision
The student who has a definite first choice college and strong academic profile might consider applying for early decision. Applications are submitted early in the fall, usually by November 1; and students receive notification of decision early in December. At that time the students agrees by contract to enter that college and withdraws all other applications. If not accepted under the Early Decision Plan, a student is usually reconsidered for admission later in the year.
Early Action
Students receive an admissions decision before the standard April notification date. Early action is distinguished from early decision in that students, if accepted, are not required to accept admission or withdraw other applications. They have until the May 1 Candidate Reply Date to respond.
Open Admission
Colleges grant acceptance to all high school graduates without regard to additional qualifications such as test scores or specific high school courses.
Deferred Enrollment
Students have an opportunity to delay or defer enrollment for a semester or year.
Delayed/Provisional Admission
Students are accepted for admission but not necessarily for the fall semester of the upcoming school year. They may begin after either successful completion of a summer program on campus or a fall semester at another college.
Early Admission
Students are allowed to complete their high school requirements at college. This program is for the exceptional student and usually requires approval of the parents and the high school, as well as selective screening by the college.
Service Academies
The United States maintains five service academies: the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York; the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland; the United States Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs, Colorado; the United States Coast Guard Academy at New London, Connecticut; and the United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York. The mission of the service academies is to provide the instruction and experience necessary to produce graduates with the knowledge, character, and leadership abilities to become career military officers.
Service Academy Admissions Process
1. Determine if you meet the requirements and qualifications. Each candidate must:
- be 17 but not yet 22.
- be a U.S. citizen at the time of enrollment.
- be unmarried with no dependents.
- have an above average high school record.
- have strong scores on the SAT I or ACT.
- be in good physical health.
- have above average strength, endurance and agility.
2. Apply for a nomination for all academies except the Coast Guard. As a minimum you should apply to your two United States senators, your congressional representative, and the Vice President. Some members of Congress will not accept applications for nomination after a specific date. You should request a nomination as soon as possible. In addition to the letter, the nomination process may include a questionnaire and interview.
3. Start a file at the academy. Send a letter to the admissions office requesting a pre-candidate questionnaire. The academy will open a file for you upon receipt of the completed questionnaire.
4. Fill out the academy forms. These forms will be sent to you after an evaluation of your pre-candidate questionnaire.
5. Take the SAT I or ACT. Send your scores to the academies to which you are applying.
6. Take the Qualifying Medical and Physical Aptitude Exams.
7. Await the evaluation and status of your application. Notification may arrive as early as November for outstanding candidates; final decisions are made in April.
For more information, consult your counselor, career resource specialist, academy catalogs and the academy representatives at the college fairs
or when they visit your high school.
GENERAL ENLISTMENT QUALIFICATIONS
Age: Must be between 17 and 35 years. Consent of parent or legal guardian required if 17.
Citizenship: Must be either (1) U.S. citizen, or (2) an immigrant alien legally admitted to the
Status: U.S. for permanent residence and possessing immigration and naturalization documents.
Physical: Must meet minimum physical standards listed below to enlist.
Condition: Some military occupations have additional physical standards.
- Height
- For males: Maximum - 6'8" Minimum - 5'0"
- For females : Maximum - 6'8" Minimum - 4'10"
Weight: There are minimum and maximum weights, according to age and height, for males and females.
Vision: There are minimum vision standards
Overall Health: Must be in good health and pass a medical exam. Certain diseases or conditions may exclude persons from enlistment; for example, diabetes, severe allergies, epilepsy, alcoholism, and drug addiction.
Education: High school graduation is desired by all services and is a requirement under most enlisted options.
Aptitude: Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB):
- requires a minimum entry score which may vary by service and occupation
- is a test that can help you with educational and career planning
- provides academic and occupational composite scores
- is a three-hour free exam administered at high schools by a test administrator from the Federal Government
- does not incur a military obligation
- may be taken by tenth, eleventh, or twelfth graders
Moral: Must meet standards designed to screen out persons likely to become disciplinary problems.
Character: Standards cover court convictions, juvenile delinquency, arrests, and drug use.
Marital: May be either single or married; however, single persons with one or more minor dependents
Status and Dependents: are not eligible for enlistment into military service.
Waivers: On a case by case basis, exceptions (waivers) are granted by individual services for some of the above qualification requirements.
TWO-YEAR COLLEGES
COMMUNITY COLLEGES
Community colleges are public two-year institutions. Their objective is to offer programs that are financially and geographically accessible to the local community.
Admissions
- Open admissions policy. Students with a high school diploma or equivalent may enroll.
- No minimum grade point average.
- SAT I or ACT test scores not required.
- Placement tests given at the time of enrollment.
Terminal Programs
- Designed to meet the increasing need for workers in occupational and technical fields.
- Prepare students for immediate employment.
- Result in either a certificate of completion or an associate degree.
Transfer Programs
- Include freshman and sophomore courses in arts and sciences and preprofessional programs.
- Meet standards acceptable for transfer to four-year colleges, However, it is the student's responsibility to determine what credits will transfer to the receiving institution.
- Result in an associate degree upon successful completion of the program.
Financial Advantages
- Lower tuition fees.
- No expense for room and board
- Flexibility to pursue education while employed.
JUNIOR COLLEGES
Junior colleges are private two-year institutions. They are similar to four-year colleges with respect to admissions policies, residence facilities and on-campus activities. The successful completion of a two-year program results in an associate degree.
APPRENTICESHIPS
An apprenticeship is:
- a training program that prepares you for a skilled occupation. Training time varies from one to six years with an average period of four years.
- a combination of classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training. As a trainee you are paid a salary while on the job and attend a minimum of 144 hours of classroom instruction for each year of apprenticeship.
- sponsored by employers, a group of employers, joint committees, or employee organizations such as unions.
An apprentice must:
- be at least 16 years old.
- negotiate a formal written agreement with the employer through the Virginia Department of Labor and Industry.
- work with a journeyworker.
An apprentice will:
- learn a trade or craft.
- earn a regular wage while learning.
- be supervised on the job by a journeyworker.
- be taught in class by an expert, usually a journeyworker.
- work toward becoming a journeyworker with the pay and prestige offered by that position.
There are at least fifty different occupations that can be developed through the apprenticeship program. Among them are:
- Air conditioning, heating, · Land surveyor and ventilation · Landscape gardener
- Auto mechanic · Meat cutter
- Bricklayer/stone mason ·Optician
- Cook · Pharmacy assistant
- Cosmetologist · Photographer
- Custom tailor · Plumber
- Drafter · Printing press operator
- Electrician · Television/radio repairer
- Funeral director ·Upholsterer
- Jeweler · Welder
The local apprenticeship representatives are: Virginia Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Apprenticeship Training (telephone703- 691-0351).
PRIVATE CAREER SCHOOLS
Private career schools are institutions that offer career-specific programs of study. A typical program can vary in length from three months to two years. Tuition depends on the program of studies and the skills taught.
- If you are considering a private career school, write to institutions offering courses in your chosen career and ask for a catalog. Use the following checklist to compare the schools:
- State Licensing - Most states require that schools be licensed in order to operate. At a minimum, schools should be approved by the state board of education.
- Accreditation - To be accredited, schools must pass a thorough examination of their policies and practices and meet standards set by an agency recognized by the U. S. Department of Education.
- Courses - Schools should offer up-to-date, well-rounded courses of high quality taught by instructors with experience in the field.
- Facilities and Equipment - The school should be well maintained and meet fire safety and building code requirements. The equipment should be up-to-date and adequate to meet the needs of the students.
- Hands-on Training - Laboratory or shop facilities should be adequate to enable students to obtain practical experience.
- Job Placement - The school should have an active placement office and offer instruction in résumé writing, interviewing, and filling out applications.
- Cost - Cost can range from $2000 to $15,000 per year. Investigate the school's financial aid resources and refund policy.
- Pay a visit to the school. Choose a day when classes are in session. Talk to students. See if the buildings and equipment compare with the catalog description. Talk to graduates and employers to see what they think of the school.
FINANCIAL AID SOURCES
Scholarships
Scholarships are awarded to students based on their academic record, leadership ability, talents or need for financial assistance. Since many scholarships are awarded by colleges, students should apply to the colleges directly for information and applications. Other sources of scholarship aid are your parents' employers, labor unions, civic and religious organizations, professional associations, and other private groups. Renewable scholarships will have continuing eligibility requirements, such as maintaining a certain level of academic or athletic performance, or showing evidence of continued financial need.
Federally-funded Programs
· Federal Pell Grants
- largest need-based student aid program
- awarded to undergraduate students with extreme financial need
- dollar range set annually by Congress
- does not have to be paid back
· Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (FSEOG)
- awarded to undergraduates with extreme financial need
- priority goes to those students receiving Pell Grants
- award range $100-4,000 per year, depending on available funds
- does not have to be repaid
· Federal Work-Study (FWS)
- on- and off-campus employment
- awarded to students who demonstrate financial need
- amount earned may not exceed demonstrated need
- salary must be at least minimum wage
· Federal Perkins Loans
- awarded to students with exceptional financial need
- may borrow up to $3,000 per year at 5% interest
- minimum annual repayment of $480; repayment begins nine months after graduation
· Federal Stafford Loans - Subsidized
- awarded to students who demonstrate financial need
- freshmen borrow up to $2,625
- variable interest rate not to exceed 8.25%
- federal government pays interest on loan while student is in school and for a six-month grace period after graduation
- minimum annual repayment of $600; repayment begins six months after graduation
· Federal Stafford Loans - Unsubsidized
- available to students who do not qualify for a subsidized Stafford Loan
- freshman borrow up to $2,625
- variable interest rate not to exceed 8.25%
- student responsible for paying interest during school and deferment period
- minimum annual repayment of $600 per year; repayment of principal and interest begins six months after graduation
· Federal Parents Loans to Undergraduate Students (FPLUS)
- available to parents for the full cost of education less any other student aid received
- variable interest rate not to exceed 9%
- repayment begins within 60 days of loan disbursement
State-funded Programs
· Virginia College Scholarship Assistance Program (CSAP)
- awarded to students who demonstrate financial need
- award range $400-2,000
· Virginia Scholars Program (VSP)
· Virginia Tuition Assistance Grant Program (TAG)
- available to students attending private colleges or universities in Virginia
- no financial need requirement
- award limit set annually by the Virginia General Assembly
· Virginia Transfer Grant Program (VTGP)
- awarded to "other race" students who are enrolled in traditionally white or black Virginia public college or university
- must meet minimum merit criteria to qualify as a first-time transfer student
- provides full tuition and fees or remaining need, whichever is lower
· Virginia Work-Study Program
- allows students to earn money to contribute toward education expenses
- award varies with hourly wage and number of hours worked
· Last Dollar
- awarded to black students enrolled for the first time in a state supported college or university
- based on financial need
· Paul Douglas Teacher Scholarship
- awarded to outstanding students who intend to pursue a teaching career
- students must rank in the top 10% of their class
Special Programs
· Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Scholarship
- offered by Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force
- one- to four-year scholarships available
- pays for tuition, books, fees and a monthly allowance
- obligation of service, some of which may be active duty
- highly competitive
- applications available from recruiters or career center in spring of junior year
- interview required
· Montgomery GI Bill
- available to enlistees, either active-duty or reserve
- service member contributes $1,200 to an education fund; the Veteran's Administration adds up to $9,600
- funds obligated for college, vocational or job training, correspondence courses or flight training
- benefits available only while on active duty or within ten years of discharge
- unused benefits not refundable
· Cooperative Education (Co-op)
- combines formal studies with an off-campus job related to the major
- emphasis placed on learning rather than work (unlike college work-study)
- offered at 2- and 4-year colleges
- typically adds an additional year to the degree program
- money earned defrays college costs
- can become a source of employment after graduation
APPLYING FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
In recent years, financial assistance for college students has not kept pace with the rising costs of a college education. Your family may need assistance meeting the annual cost of tuition, books, fees, room and board. If this is the case, you should be prepared to do a thorough search of available resources. Here are some points that may help you along the way:
- Begin researching scholarships in the spring of your junior year. Look for scholarship information and run a scholarship search in the career center.
- Continue to investigate scholarship opportunities throughout your senior year. Let your counselor and career resource specialist know you are interested in locating scholarship money.
- Find out what forms your colleges require and what the deadlines are. That information is available in the career center.
- Pick up the necessary financial aid forms in December from the guidance office or career center.
- Attend a financial aid workshop at your school.
- Complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).
- Complete the financial aid forms as soon as possible after January 1.
- Visit the financial aid officers at the colleges to determine:
- what percentage of your demonstrated need will be met.
- what the colleges loan default rate is. This affects the amount of federal funds the colleges will have available.
- whether the composition of the financial aid package changes from year to year, i.e. does the loan component increase significantly.
- what tuition payment plans are available.